From Wild West to the Godfather: Enforcement Market Structure

Weak states enable private enforcement but it does not always fade away in the presence of strong states. We develop a general equilibrium model of the market organization of enforcers (self-enforcers, competitive specialized enforcers or monopoly) who defend endowments from predators. We provide弱国家（weak states）可促成私人执法（private enforcement）的产生，但即便存在强国家（strong states），私人执法也未必会消亡。我们构建了一套针对执法者市场组织形式的一般均衡模型（general equilibrium model），该模型涵盖自我执法者（self-enforcers）、竞争性专业执法者（competitive specialized enforcers）与垄断型执法者（monopoly）三类主体，其核心职能是保护禀赋（endowments）免受掠夺者（predators）的侵扰。我们提供