Adolescent Sexuality 2015

The survey Adolescent Sexuality 2015 was conducted by TNS Emnid (now Kantar) on behalf of the Federal Center for Health Education (BZgA). During the survey period 08.04.2014 to 06.08.2014, adolescents aged 14 to 17 years and young adults aged 18 to 25 years were interviewed in face-to-face interviews (CAPI) and in web-based self-completed questionnaires (CAWI) on the following topics: attitudes and behavior with regard to the topics of sex education, sexuality and contraception. Respondents were selected through quota sampling.

In addition, parents of adolescents were also surveyed. Parental data are available exclusively for interviewed adolescents between 14 and 17 years of age without an immigrant background. The data are filed as additional variables of the respective interviewed adolescents. If possible, the gender of the parent should correspond to the gender of the interviewed adolescent. This was not always possible, especially for boys (25% female parents).<br>Assessment of the situation at home or relationship to parents (I am taken seriously at home, I can talk to my parents about all intimate questions); discussion of sexuality in the family; feelings during discussions about sexuality; knowledge of other people about the first time; partnership; same-sex/opposite-sex partner; permanent partnership; duration of partnership; parental acceptance of boyfriend/girlfriend and acceptance of respondent by boyfriend/girlfriend´s parents; broaching contraception with partner; talking about contraception easy/difficult; being responsible for contraception; broaching AIDS with partner; having a confidant for sexual issues; confidant for sexual issues; wanting children; number of desired children; ideal time for first child; attitude toward sexual fidelity in partnership; subjective assessment as sexually enlightened; most important sources of sexuality education; most important persons in sexuality education; sexuality education in school; topics of sexuality education; lack of information on various sexual topics; preferred persons for imparting knowledge on the sexual topics mentioned; preferred media for imparting knowledge on the sexual topics mentioned; knowledge of BZgA materials on questions of sexuality and contraception in general; knowledge of selected BZgA materials; attitude towards the BZgA as a state information agency; knowledge of the BZgA Internet address LoveLine. de; Internet use as an information medium about sexuality; sources of information on the Internet about important questions about sexuality; presumed number of peers with sexual intercourse experience; contraceptive advice from parents; satisfaction with contraceptive advice from parents; contraceptive method recommended by parents; female targets only: Age at first visit to gynecologist; reason for first visit to gynecologist; satisfaction with doctor´s advice; again, all: Contraceptive counseling with a doctor; reason for contraceptive counseling with a doctor; prescription of contraceptives on the occasion of contraceptive counseling; visit to a counseling center for contraceptive counseling; reason for contraceptive counseling with a counseling center; knowledge of free distribution of the pill to adolescents; source of information regarding free distribution of the pill (persons, media); knowledge of the morning-after pill; source of information regarding the morning-after pill (persons, media); relationship to own body; time of first menstrual period (menarche) or Ejaculation (ejacularche); prepared for menarche/ ejacularche; kissing experience; experience with selected forms of sexual contact; reasons for no closer contact; reasons for no sexual intercourse when exchanging affection; frequency of sexual intercourse so far or current frequency of sexual intercourse; reasons for no sexual intercourse when exchanging affection. current frequency of sexual intercourse; total number of partners in sexual intercourse; same-sex contact; sexual orientation; intensity of same-sex contact; experience of masturbation; experience of sexual violence; nature of sexual acts due to violence; time of reporting experienced sexual violence; person to whom reported experience of sexual violence; age at first sexual intercourse; age of partner at first sexual intercourse; familiarity with partner at first sexual intercourse; sexual intercourse of own volition; first sexual intercourse planned or accidental; experience of first sexual intercourse; appropriateness of timing of first sexual intercourse; time interval between first and second sexual intercourse; type of contraception used for first, second, and last sexual intercourse; reasons for choice of last contraceptive; experience with different contraceptives; problems with condom use; problems with use of the pill; female-only target: Use of the morning-after pill; reason for using the morning-after pill; access to the morning-after pill; all again: reasons for not using contraception the first time; general contraceptive behavior; Reasons for not using contraception; evaluation of the characteristics of the pill and condom in terms of ease of access, safety, affordability, handling, health tolerability, and effects during sex; attitudes toward unexpected pregnancy.

Parent survey: Sex of parent interviewed; birth parent; age; religious denomination; self-assessment of relationship to religion; highest educational attainment, marriage or highest level of education, marriage or stable partnership; highest level of education of the partner; sexual education of the daughter/son by the parents or by others; one-time sexual education or continuous according to development; impartiality in sexual education; currently sufficient sexual education of the child from the parents´ point of view; places that should be involved in sexual education of children besides the parents (kindergarten, elementary school, secondary school, church institution, counseling centers, BZgA, gynecologist, pediatrician, none of these places); places actually involved in sexual education of the own child; authorities from which the parents would have liked to receive information and support for the education of their child; problematic topics for the transfer of knowledge about sexual topics; preferred media for the transfer of knowledge about sexual topics; attitude towards the Federal Center for Health Education - BZgA - as a state information agency; Attitude toward the timing of one´s own sex education; discussion of sexuality within the family; detailed advice given to the child about contraception by the respondent; specific information behavior before receiving advice about contraception (from one´s own experience, through acquaintances, magazines, brochures, books, doctor´s visit or knowledge of BZgA information materials on the topic of sex education and sexuality; contraceptive method recommended by parents; knowledge of free distribution of the pill to adolescents; knowledge of the morning-after pill for emergency contraception; joint consultation with a doctor or at a counseling center (girl parents only); attitude toward adolescent sexual intercourse; presumed sexual intercourse experience of own child; attitude toward sexual intercourse of child; permission for sexual intercourse at home; consent to sexual intercourse of child.

Demography: sex; age; occupational status; maternity/parental leave: school attended with aim of obtaining school-leaving certificate; grade level; type of school attended; vocational school attended: general school completed; educational attainment; family constellation or Living situation; religious denomination; religious attitude; marital status; number of children; Germany as country of birth; previous country of residence; country groups previous country of residence; German citizenship; non-German citizenship (country and country groups); migration background; German citizenship of mother and father; non-German citizenship of mother and father (country and country groups); country of birth of mother and father; place size (BIK); state.

Additionally coded were: Respondent ID; weight; target groups (by age, by age and origin, by age, sex, and origin); presence of parents during interview; gynecologist visit done/not done; menarche/ ejacularche done/not done; sexual age calculated from time of menarche/ ejacularche to current age; heterosexual/homosexual orientation.

2015年青少年性健康调查（Adolescent Sexuality 2015）由TNS Emnid（现为凯度Kantar）受联邦健康教育中心（Federal Center for Health Education, BZgA）委托开展。调查实施时间为2014年4月8日至2014年8月6日，调研对象为14至17岁青少年及18至25岁青年，采用面对面计算机辅助访谈（Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing, CAPI）与网络自填式计算机辅助访谈（Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing, CAWI）两种方式，围绕性教育、性健康与避孕相关话题开展态度与行为调研。受访者通过配额抽样选取。

此外，本次调查同时覆盖青少年的家长群体。家长数据仅面向无移民背景的14至17岁受访青少年开放，且作为对应受访青少年的附加变量存储。原则上受访家长的性别应与受访青少年的性别匹配，但实际执行中难以完全实现，例如男性青少年的受访家长中25%为女性。

本次青少年调研涵盖以下主题：家庭环境或亲子关系（如"在家中我能被认真对待""我可就所有私密问题与父母沟通"）、家庭内的性话题讨论、性话题讨论时的情绪感受、对他人首次性经历的了解情况、伴侣关系、同性/异性伴侣、稳定伴侣关系、伴侣关系时长、父母对子女伴侣的接纳程度及子女伴侣父母对受访者的接纳程度、与伴侣谈及避孕话题、谈论避孕时的难易程度、避孕责任归属、与伴侣谈及艾滋病话题、拥有性问题倾诉对象、性问题倾诉对象、生育意愿、理想子女数量、首个孩子的理想生育时机、伴侣关系中的性忠诚态度、对自身性认知水平的主观评价、最重要的性教育信息来源、性教育中的核心人物、学校性教育、性教育涵盖话题、各类性话题的信息缺口、期望的性知识传授对象、期望的性知识传播媒介、对BZgA一般性健康与避孕相关材料的知晓情况、对特定BZgA材料的知晓情况、对作为国家信息机构的BZgA的态度、对BZgA官网LoveLine.de网址的知晓情况、将互联网作为性健康信息媒介的使用情况、互联网上重要性健康问题的信息来源、推测有性交经历的同龄人数量、父母提供的避孕咨询、对父母避孕咨询的满意度、父母推荐的避孕方式；仅针对女性受访者：首次妇科就诊年龄、首次妇科就诊原因、对医生咨询的满意度；全体受访者：医生提供的避孕咨询、避孕咨询的原因、避孕咨询时的避孕药处方情况、前往避孕咨询中心就诊、避孕咨询中心的咨询原因、对青少年免费发放避孕药的知晓情况、避孕药免费发放的信息来源（人员、媒介）、对紧急避孕药的知晓情况、紧急避孕药的信息来源（人员、媒介）、与自身身体的关系、首次月经（menarche）或首次射精（ejacularche）的时间、对初潮/射精初现的准备情况、接吻经历、特定性接触形式的经历、未发生进一步身体接触的原因、亲昵时未发生性交的原因、截至目前的性交频率或当前性交频率、未在亲昵时发生性交的原因、当前性交频率、性交伴侣总数量、同性性接触情况、性取向、同性性接触的强度、性暴力经历、暴力导致的性行为性质、性暴力经历的报告时间、性暴力经历的报告对象、首次性交年龄、首次性交时伴侣的年龄、首次性交时与伴侣的熟悉程度、自愿发生的性交、首次性交是计划内还是意外、首次性交经历、首次性交时机的适宜性、首次与第二次性交的时间间隔、首次、第二次及末次性交时使用的避孕方式、末次避孕方式的选择原因、不同避孕方式的使用经历、避孕套使用问题、避孕药使用问题；仅针对女性受访者：紧急避孕药的使用情况、使用紧急避孕药的原因、紧急避孕药的获取途径；全体受访者：首次未使用避孕措施的原因、一般性避孕行为、未使用避孕措施的原因、对避孕药和避孕套在获取便捷性、安全性、可负担性、使用便利性、健康耐受性及性爱期间影响等方面的特征评价、对意外怀孕的态度。

家长调查问卷涵盖以下主题：受访家长的性别、是否为亲生父母、年龄、宗教教派、对自身宗教信仰的自我评价、最高学历、婚姻状况或稳定伴侣关系情况、伴侣的最高学历、父母或他人对子女的性教育情况、是否为一次性教育还是随成长持续开展的教育、性教育的公平性、从父母视角来看当前是否为子女提供了充足的性教育、除父母外应参与子女性教育的主体（幼儿园、小学、中学、教会机构、咨询中心、BZgA、妇科医生、儿科医生，或无上述主体）、实际参与子女性教育的主体、家长期望从中获取子女教育相关信息与支持的机构、性知识传授中的棘手话题、期望的性知识传播媒介、对作为国家信息机构的联邦健康教育中心（BZgA）的态度、对自身接受性教育时机的看法、家庭内的性话题讨论、受访者为子女提供的详细避孕咨询、接受避孕咨询前的个人信息行为（来自自身经验、熟人、杂志、手册、书籍、就诊医生，或通过BZgA性教育与性健康相关信息材料获取）、父母推荐的避孕方式、对青少年免费发放避孕药的知晓情况、对用于紧急避孕的紧急避孕药的知晓情况、与医生或咨询中心的联合咨询（仅女性家长）、对青少年性交的态度、推测子女的性交经历情况、对子女性交行为的态度、是否允许子女在家中发生性交、对子女性交行为的同意态度。

人口统计学变量包括：性别、年龄、职业状况、产假/育儿假、以获取毕业证书为目标的就读学校类型、年级、就读学校类型、职业学校就读情况、完成的普通学校教育、学历水平、家庭结构或居住状况、宗教教派、宗教态度、婚姻状况、子女数量、出生国家为德国、既往居住国家、既往居住国家分组、德国公民身份、非德国公民身份（国家及国家分组）、移民背景、父母双方均为德国公民身份、父母双方均为非德国公民身份（国家及国家分组）、父母的出生国家、人口规模（BIK）、联邦州。

本次数据集额外编码的字段包括：受访者ID、权重、目标群体（按年龄、按年龄与出身、按年龄、性别与出身分组）、访谈期间家长是否在场、是否进行过妇科就诊、是否经历初潮/射精初现、从初潮/射精初现时间至当前年龄计算的性年龄、异性恋/同性恋性取向。