Lamenti, riti, e tradizioni funebri a Sternatia e nei Dekatrìa Chorìa

Laments (morolòja) are part of the rich poetic production of the Greek-Salentine area. Concerning all the genres of traditional songs (like love, spite, work, emigration, etc.), laments are the most beautiful. In these songs, love for the departed one and grief for the bereaved merge into a pathos of high poetic value. Laments (morolòja) are the songs that fascinate the most not only because they deal with themes that touch the soul but also of the difficulty one encounters in listening to them live; in accordance with funeral rites and traditions, they have always captured many scholars' attention. In this article, an attempt has been made to outline the funeral traditions of the Greeks of Salento. The information, drawn from the available bibliography, has been ascertained and enriched through the interviews of elderly women from Hellenophone countries. In the bibliography used in this work there are no references of the structure and typology of laments (morolòja). The exordium is only indicated well in MOROSI 1870. A careful analysis though, of some texts not only confirms the existence of the exordium, but also identifies the presence of several parts that give the song a complete structure: the introduction to the subject, the song itself, the conclusion of the song as well as a final consideration.

挽歌（Laments, morolòja）是希腊-萨伦托地区丰厚诗歌创作遗产的组成部分。在各类传统歌谣体裁——涵盖情歌、怨歌、劳作歌、移民歌等——之中，挽歌堪称最具艺术感染力的品类。这类歌谣将对逝者的眷念与丧亲者的哀恸融为一体，营造出兼具深厚情感与极高诗歌美学价值的悲怆意境。挽歌（morolòja）之所以最具感染力，不仅因其主题直抵心灵深处，更在于现场聆听时所承受的情感冲击难以平复；依照丧葬仪轨与传统习俗，这类歌谣始终吸引着众多学者的关注。本文旨在梳理萨伦托希腊人的丧葬传统。文中信息均源自现有文献资料，并通过对希腊语国家老年女性的口述访谈进行了核实与补充。但在本文所参考的文献中，尚未见关于挽歌（morolòja）结构与类型学的相关研究记载，仅在1870年出版的MOROSI文献中，对其开篇程式有较为清晰的记述。不过，通过对部分文本的细致分析，不仅证实了开篇程式的存在，更识别出赋予该歌谣完整结构的多个组成部分：主题引入、主体歌辞、歌辞收尾，以及最终的抒怀结语。