Historical and future wind events for Alaskan communities, Alaska, 1980-2099

Hourly wind data from 67 Alaska communities with observing stations, one atmospheric reanalysis, and two global climate models were processed to identify wind events exceeding location-specific thresholds. The ERA-Interim reanalysis and output from the GFDL-CM3 (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) and NCAR-CCSMM4 (National Center for Atmospheric Research) global climate models were downscaled to Alaska and the surrounding regions using the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Hourly wind speed measurements collected during 1980-2015 at 67 Alaskan communities via ASOS/AWOS (Automated Surface Observing System/Automated Weather Observing System) stations were used to bias-correct the WRF-downscaled (Weather Research and Forecasting) ERA-Interim hourly wind speed output. These were subsequently used to bias-correct the historical (1979-2005) and future (2006-2100) WRF-downscaled CM3/CCSM4 wind speeds. These wind speeds were then processed to identify wind events meeting a set of speed and duration thresholds. A wind event was defined as the wind speed being greater than the wind speed threshold, for some duration in hours. Five wind speed thresholds were used for each community. The thresholds were community-specific, and were calculated as the 50th, 75th, 85th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of the ERA-Interim wind speed distributions for the particular community. The five duration thresholds used were 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. This dataset contains all wind events identified for each of the 67 communities, with each row of the data file consisting of a single wind event. This data drives some of the visualizations in the webtool found
here.

本数据集针对67个阿拉斯加社区观测站的逐小时风速实测数据、ERA-Interim大气再分析资料以及2套全球气候模式数据开展处理，以识别超出局地阈值的风事件。研究采用天气研究与预报模型（Weather Research and Forecasting, WRF），将ERA-Interim再分析资料、地球物理流体动力学实验室（Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory）开发的GFDL-CM3，以及美国国家大气研究中心（National Center for Atmospheric Research）开发的NCAR-CCSMM4全球气候模式的输出结果，降尺度至阿拉斯加及其周边区域。随后，研究人员使用1980-2015年间，通过67个阿拉斯加社区的自动地面观测系统/自动气象观测系统（Automated Surface Observing System/Automated Weather Observing System, ASOS/AWOS）站点采集的逐小时风速实测数据，对经WRF降尺度后的ERA-Interim逐小时风速输出结果进行偏差校正。经上述实测数据校正后的ERA-Interim逐小时风速结果，后续被用于对历史时段（1979-2005年）及未来时段（2006-2100年）经WRF降尺度后的GFDL-CM3与NCAR-CCSMM4风速数据开展偏差校正。之后，对上述所有校正后的风速数据进行处理，以识别满足风速与持续时间双重阈值条件的风事件。本数据集将风事件定义为：风速持续至少若干小时且均超过对应站点专属风速阈值的时段。每个阿拉斯加社区对应5个风速阈值，所有阈值均为局地专属，通过对应社区的ERA-Interim风速分布的第50、75、85、95和99百分位数计算得到。本次研究采用的5个持续时间阈值分别为1、6、12、24及48小时。本数据集涵盖67个阿拉斯加社区全部符合条件的风事件，数据文件的每一行对应单个风事件。该数据集为对应网页工具中的部分可视化内容提供数据支撑。