Table_2_Why Do We Take Risks? Perception of the Situation and Risk Proneness Predict Domain-Specific Risk Taking.XLSX

Risk taking (RT) is a component of the decision-making process in situations that involve uncertainty and in which the probability of each outcome – rewards and/or negative consequences – is already known. The influence of cognitive and emotional processes in decision making may affect how risky situations are addressed. First, inaccurate assessments of situations may constitute a perceptual bias in decision making, which might influence RT. Second, there seems to be consensus that a proneness bias exists, known as risk proneness, which can be defined as the propensity to be attracted to potentially risky activities. In the present study, we take the approach that risk perception and risk proneness affect RT behaviours. The study hypothesises that locus of control, emotion regulation, and executive control act as perceptual biases in RT, and that personality, sensation seeking, and impulsivity traits act as proneness biases in RT. The results suggest that locus of control, emotion regulation and executive control influence certain domains of RT, while personality influences in all domains except the recreational, and sensation seeking and impulsivity are involved in all domains of RT. The results of the study constitute a foundation upon which to build in this research area and can contribute to the increased understanding of human behaviour in risky situations.

风险寻求（Risk Taking, RT）是不确定性情境下决策流程的构成要素，此类情境中各结果（包括收益与/或负面后果）的发生概率均为已知。决策过程中的认知与情绪加工过程，可能会影响个体对风险情境的应对方式。其一，对情境的不准确评估可能构成决策中的感知偏差，进而对风险寻求行为产生影响。其二，学界普遍认为存在一种倾向性偏差，即风险倾向性（Risk Proneness），其可被定义为个体倾向于被潜在风险活动所吸引的特质。本研究秉持的研究视角为：风险感知与风险倾向性会对风险寻求行为产生影响。本研究提出如下假设：控制点（Locus of Control）、情绪调节与执行控制可作为风险寻求过程中的感知偏差，而人格特质、感觉寻求（Sensation Seeking）与冲动性（Impulsivity）则可作为该过程中的倾向性偏差。研究结果显示，控制点、情绪调节与执行控制会对部分领域的风险寻求行为产生影响；而人格特质则会影响除娱乐性风险领域外的所有风险寻求领域，感觉寻求与冲动性则均涉及所有领域的风险寻求行为。本研究的结果可为该研究领域的后续工作奠定基础，并有助于深化人们对风险情境下人类行为的理解。