Data from: Genetic diversity of wild grapevine populations in Spain and their genetic relationships with cultivated grapevines

The wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. ssp sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, considered as the ancestor of the cultivated grapevine, is native from Eurasia. In Spain natural populations of Vitis vinifera ssp sylvestris can still be found along river banks. In this work we have performed a wide search of wild grapevine populations in Spain and characterized the amount and distribution of their genetic diversity using 25 nuclear SSR loci. We have also analyzed the possible coexistence in the natural habitat of wild grapevines with naturalized grapevine cultivars and rootstocks. In this way, phenotypic and genetic analyses identified 19% of the collected samples as derived from cultivated genotypes, being either naturalized cultivars or hybrid genotypes derived from spontaneous crosses between wild and cultivated grapevines. The genetic diversity of wild grapevine populations was similar than that observed in the cultivated group. The molecular analysis showed that cultivated and wild germplasm are genetically divergent with low level of introgression. Using a model-based approach implemented in the software STRUCTURE we identified four genetic groups, with two of them fundamentally represented among cultivated genotypes and two among wild accessions. The analyses of genetic relationships among wild and cultivated grapevines could suggest a genetic contribution of wild accessions from Spain to current western cultivars.

野生葡萄（Vitis vinifera L. ssp sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi）被视为栽培葡萄的祖先，原产于欧亚大陆。在西班牙，野生葡萄的自然种群目前仍可在河岸地带被发现。本研究对西班牙境内的野生葡萄种群开展了全面调查，并利用25个核简单序列重复（SSR, Simple Sequence Repeat）位点对其遗传多样性的规模与分布特征进行了表征。本研究同时分析了野生葡萄在其自然栖息地中与归化栽培品种及砧木共存的情况。通过表型与遗传分析，本研究鉴定出19%的采集样本源自栽培基因型，包括归化栽培品种或由野生与栽培葡萄自发杂交产生的杂交基因型。野生葡萄种群的遗传多样性水平与栽培类群的观测结果相近。分子分析结果显示，栽培与野生种质资源在遗传上存在分化，且基因渐渗水平较低。借助STRUCTURE软件中实现的基于模型的分析方法，本研究鉴定出四个遗传类群，其中两个类群主要对应栽培基因型，另外两个类群则以野生种质材料为主。对野生与栽培葡萄间遗传关系的分析提示，西班牙境内的野生葡萄材料可能对当前西方栽培品种存在遗传贡献。