Table 2_Exploring health needs and the double burden of disease in adults attending public health facilities in the Iraqi Kurdistan.docx

ObjectiveWe analyzed the health needs of the adult population accessing public health facilities in the Iraqi Kurdistan, a region facing both demographic and epidemiological transitions while undergoing post-crisis recovery. We investigates the prevalence and distribution of communicable and non-communicable diseases using real-world data from a digital surveillance system.
MethodsData collected across public health centers (PHC) were extracted from the KRG-DHIS2 digital health platform. All records from adult patients were coded using the WHO ICD-10. Diagnoses were grouped into: Communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases (CMNNDs), Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), Injuries, Ill-defined diseases. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, age-related trends and sex-specific comparisons.
ResultsA total of 1,040,695 health events were recorded (years 2016–2022) across 96 PHC: 899,173 were classified as either CMNNDs (41.1%) or NCDs (58.9%). Significant sex and age differences were observed across all major diagnostic categories. NCDs were more common in all age groups and increased significantly with age, while CMNNDs predominated among younger adults. Females accounted for 63.4% of all health events and exhibited higher rates of visits for endocrine, genitourinary, and hematologic conditions. Respiratory system diseases were the most common diagnoses across all ages, followed by genitourinary and digestive system diseases.
ConclusionThis study provides critical evidence for understanding health service utilization and disease burden in Iraqi Kurdistan, using a real-time digital surveillance system. The findings confirm the presence of a double burden of disease in a population undergoing rapid transition and underscore the need for integrated, age-and sex-sensitive health interventions.

研究目的：本研究针对经历后危机复苏、同时处于人口转型与流行病学转型阶段的伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区，分析该地区前往公立卫生机构就诊的成年人群的健康需求；并借助数字监测系统的真实世界数据，探究传染病与非传染病的流行特征与分布规律。研究方法：本研究从库尔德地区政府-DHIS2（KRG-DHIS2）数字卫生平台提取了各公立卫生中心（Public Health Centers, PHC）采集的数据集。所有成年患者的就诊记录均采用世界卫生组织国际疾病分类第十次修订版（WHO ICD-10）进行编码。诊断类别划分为四大类：传染病、孕产妇、新生儿与营养性疾病（Communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases, CMNNDs）、非传染性疾病（Non-communicable diseases, NCDs）、损伤以及病因不明疾病。统计分析方法包括描述性统计、年龄相关趋势分析以及性别特异性对比分析。研究结果：本研究纳入2016至2022年间96家公立卫生中心记录的1,040,695条就诊事件数据，其中899,173条被归类为传染病、孕产妇、新生儿与营养性疾病（41.1%）或非传染性疾病（58.9%）。所有主要诊断类别均存在显著的性别与年龄差异：非传染性疾病在各年龄组中均更为常见，且随年龄增长患病率显著升高；而传染病、孕产妇、新生儿与营养性疾病则以青壮年人群为主。女性就诊事件占总事件的63.4%，在内分泌、泌尿生殖系统及血液系统疾病的就诊率上显著高于男性。呼吸系统疾病是各年龄组最常见的诊断类别，其次为泌尿生殖系统与消化系统疾病。研究结论：本研究借助实时数字监测系统，为解析伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区的卫生服务利用情况与疾病负担提供了关键证据。研究结果证实，该地区正处于快速转型的人群面临双重疾病负担，同时也凸显了制定整合式、兼顾年龄与性别敏感性的卫生干预措施的必要性。