Parental Pressure Data

Introduction The Perceived Parental Pressure Scale (P-PPS) is an instrument designed to measure parental pressure among emerging adults for Sub-Sahara African culture. The study was carried out among emerging adulthood aged 18-25 years who are in tertiary institutions. One thousand five hundred and forty five participants took part in the study that lasted between 4th November 2019 and 20th February 2020. Participants One thousand five hundred and seventy-five (1575) data was collected out of which 1545 data were properly filled, and used in this study. The data were collected from four different higher institutions in Kwara state Nigeria. The breakdown are: 2 Universities namely University of Ilorin; Kwara State University and 2 Polytechnics namely Federal Polytechnic Offa; and Kwara State Polytechnic Ilorin respectively). Seven hundred and ninety-three 793 (51.32%) were male and 752 (48.67%) were female. Participants age were 18-20 = 775 (50.16%) and 21-25 = 770 (49.83%). Instrument Twelve (12) items were generated based on the scale development process which was conducted in a two-phased approach including exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The 10 items include is an existing standardized parental pressure scale. Results The results showed that the internal reliability of the scale was adequate with an overall alpha of 0.85. The results also showed convergent validity, meaning that the items were highly correlated and formed a separate factor, with factor loadings greater than 0.55. Discriminant validity was also established, with no cross-loadings between factors and a significant relationship between academic & career expectations and life aspirations with overall parental pressure. The reliability of the factors of current academic career expectations (α=0.81), life aspirations expectations (α=0.77), and overall parental pressure (α=0.85) were found to be good. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the Parental pressure scale with a 2-factor structure model was an acceptable fit, with a good model fitness of χ2 = 69.33, CFI = 0.98, GFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.036. The norm score was set using the average score plus one standard deviation of overall parental pressure, with higher scores indicating greater parental pressure (Norm Score = 33.76).

一、引言
感知父母压力量表（Perceived Parental Pressure Scale, P-PPS）是专为撒哈拉以南非洲文化环境开发的测评工具，用于测量成年早期个体感知到的父母压力。本研究的调研对象为18-25岁的高等教育阶段成年早期群体，调研周期为2019年11月4日至2020年2月20日，共计1545名受试者参与本次研究。

二、研究对象
本次研究共回收有效问卷1545份，前期共收集到1575份原始数据。调研样本取自尼日利亚夸拉州的四所高等院校，具体包括2所大学：伊洛林大学（University of Ilorin）、夸拉州立大学（Kwara State University），以及2所专科院校：奥法联邦理工学院（Federal Polytechnic Offa）、伊洛林夸拉州立理工学院（Kwara State Polytechnic Ilorin）。其中男性受试者793名，占比51.32%；女性受试者752名，占比48.67%。年龄分布方面，18-20岁群体共775人，占比50.16%；21-25岁群体共770人，占比49.83%。

三、测评工具
本量表的开发采用两阶段流程，涵盖探索性因素分析（Exploratory Factor Analysis, EFA）与验证性因素分析（Confirmatory Factor Analysis, CFA），共生成12个测评条目，其中10个条目改编自现有标准化父母压力量表。

四、研究结果
结果显示，量表的内部一致性信度良好，总体克朗巴赫α系数（Cronbach's Alpha）为0.85。同时，量表具备良好的会聚效度：各条目间相关性较高，且共同构成单一因子，因子载荷均大于0.55。此外，量表的区分效度亦得以验证：因子间无交叉载荷，且学业与职业期望、人生抱负与总体父母压力之间存在显著关联。本研究中，学业职业期望因子（α=0.81）、人生抱负期望因子（α=0.77）以及总体父母压力因子（α=0.85）的信度均表现优异。验证性因素分析结果表明，包含双因子结构的父母压力量表模型拟合度可接受，各项拟合指标优良：χ²=69.33，比较拟合指数（Comparative Fit Index, CFI）=0.98，拟合优度指数（Goodness of Fit Index, GFI）=0.97，塔克-刘易斯指数（Tucker-Lewis Index, TLI）=0.98，近似误差均方根（Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, RMSEA）=0.036。本研究以总体父母压力的平均分加一个标准差作为常模分数，得分越高代表感知到的父母压力越强，常模分数为33.76。