Suppl.Data1_ITS.OTUs.xlsx from Consortia of anti-nematode fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere of soybean plants attacked by root-knot nematodes

Cyst and root-knot nematodes are major risk factors of agroecosystem management, often causing devastating impacts on crop production. The use of microbes that parasitize or prey on nematodes has been considered as a promising approach for suppressing phytopathogenic nematode populations. However, effects and persistence of those biological control agents often vary substantially depending on regions, soil characteristics and agricultural practices: more insights into microbial community processes are required to develop reproducible control of nematode populations. By performing high-throughput sequencing profiling of bacteria and fungi, we examined how root and soil microbiomes differ between benign and nematode-infected plant individuals in a soybean field in Japan. Results indicated that various taxonomic groups of bacteria and fungi occurred preferentially on the soybean individuals infected by root-knot nematodes or those uninfected by nematodes. Based on a network analysis of potential microbe–microbe associations, we further found that several fungal taxa potentially preying on nematodes (Dactylellina (Orbiliales), Rhizophydium (Rhizophydiales), Clonostachys (Hypocreales), Pochonia (Hypocreales) and Purpureocillium (Hypocreales)) co-occurred in the soybean rhizosphere at a small spatial scale. This study suggests how ‘consortia’ of anti-nematode microbes can derive from indigenous (resident) microbiomes, providing basic information for managing anti-nematode microbial communities in agroecosystems.

胞囊线虫与根结线虫（Cyst and root-knot nematodes）是农业生态系统管理的主要风险因子，常对作物生产造成毁灭性影响。利用寄生或捕食线虫的微生物被认为是抑制植物病原线虫种群的极具前景的手段。然而，此类生物防治菌剂的防治效果与持效性常因区域、土壤特性及农业耕作方式的不同而存在显著差异：需深入解析微生物群落动态过程，方可建立可重复的线虫种群防控方案。本研究通过对细菌与真菌进行高通量测序的群落谱分析，探究了日本某大豆田内健康植株与线虫侵染植株的根际与土壤微生物组差异。研究结果显示，多个分类类群的细菌与真菌分别在被根结线虫侵染的大豆植株，或未受线虫侵染的健康植株上呈现出显著的富集偏好性。基于微生物间潜在关联的网络分析，本研究进一步发现，数种具有潜在线虫捕食功能的真菌类群（指状孢霉属（Dactylellina，捕虫霉目Orbiliales）、根前毛菌属（Rhizophydium，根前毛菌目Rhizophydiales）、粘帚霉属（Clonostachys，肉座菌目Hypocreales）、厚顶孢霉属（Pochonia，肉座菌目Hypocreales）以及紫霉属（Purpureocillium，肉座菌目Hypocreales））在小空间尺度下共同存在于大豆根际环境中。本研究揭示了抗线虫微生物协同菌群如何从土著（原位）微生物组中衍生而来，为农业生态系统中的抗线虫微生物群落管理提供了基础理论依据。