Diversity of ferns and lycophytes in Brazil

Abstract This compilation of ferns and lycophytes in Brazil is an update of the one published in 2010 in Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil. The methodology consisted in collecting data from regional checklists, taxonomic revisions, and selected databases. Invited specialists improved the list accessing a website housed at the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. The results show 1,253 species: 1,111 of ferns and 142 of lycophytes. This number is 6.5% higher than the previous one (1,176 spp.). The percentage of endemic species decreased from 38.2% to 36.7%. We recognized 36 families and 133 genera (vs. 33 families, 121 genera in 2010). The 10 most diverse families are Pteridaceae (196 spp.), Dryopteridaceae (179), Polypodiaceae (164), Hymenophyllaceae (90), Thelypteridaceae (86), Aspleniaceae (78), Lycopodiaceae (64), Selaginellaceae (55), Anemiaceae (51), and Cyatheaceae (45). The three most diverse genera are still Elaphoglossum (87 spp.), Thelypteris (85), and Asplenium (74). The richest phytogeographic domain continues to be in the Atlantic Rainforest with 883 species which also has the largest number of endemic and threatened species, followed by the Amazon Rainforest (503), Cerrado (269), Pantanal (30), Caatinga (26), and Pampa (eight). Minas Gerais remains as the richest state (657 spp. vs. 580 in 2010).

摘要 本巴西蕨类与石松类植物名录汇编是对2010年发表于《巴西植物与真菌名录》（Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil）的同名名录的更新。本研究的方法学框架为：收集区域物种核查名录、分类学修订文献及精选数据库的相关数据；邀请领域专家通过设于里约热内卢植物园的专属网站对该名录进行校核完善。研究结果显示，本次名录共收录1253个物种，其中蕨类1111种、石松类142种，较2010年版的1176种提升了6.5%。特有种占比则从38.2%下降至36.7%。本次名录共涵盖36科133属，相较于2010年版的33科121属有所增加。物种丰富度排名前十的科依次为：凤尾蕨科（Pteridaceae，196种）、鳞毛蕨科（Dryopteridaceae，179种）、水龙骨科（Polypodiaceae，164种）、膜蕨科（Hymenophyllaceae，90种）、金星蕨科（Thelypteridaceae，86种）、铁角蕨科（Aspleniaceae，78种）、石松科（Lycopodiaceae，64种）、卷柏科（Selaginellaceae，55种）、安蕨科（Anemiaceae，51种）以及桫椤科（Cyatheaceae，45种）。物种丰富度排名前三的属仍为：舌蕨属（Elaphoglossum，87种）、金星蕨属（Thelypteris，85种）以及铁角蕨属（Asplenium，74种）。物种最丰富的植物地理区仍为大西洋雨林，共收录883种，同时也是特有种与受威胁物种数量最多的区域；其后依次为亚马逊雨林（503种）、塞拉多稀树草原（Cerrado，269种）、潘塔纳尔湿地（Pantanal，30种）、卡廷加旱生灌丛（Caatinga，26种）以及潘帕斯草原（Pampa，8种）。物种丰富度最高的州仍为米纳斯吉拉斯州（Minas Gerais），共收录657种，较2010年版的580种有所提升。