Resilience, self-compassion, and indices of psychological wellbeing: a not so simple set of relationships

Resilience and self-compassion are related, yet distinct, constructs that have each been separately associated with psychological wellbeing. This study aimed to examine the relative contribution of these constructs to psychological wellbeing simultaneously by investigating whether greater levels of resilience and self-compassion were associated with improved psychological wellbeing as represented by greater optimism, life satisfaction, and positive affect, and lower negative affect and psychological distress.
Participants (N = 168) in this online cross-sectional study first completed a demographic survey. Following this, participants completed measures of resilience, self-compassion, optimism, life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, and psychological distress.
Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that self-compassion and resilience both held a moderate-to-strong positive association with optimism and life satisfaction, and a moderate-to-strong negative association with depressive symptoms. Only self-compassion was associated with anxiety, stress, and negative affect, all with a moderate-to-strong negative effect. Only resilience was associated with positive affect. Here, a moderate-to-strong positive effect was observed.
Results suggested that self-compassion and resilience contribute to psychological wellbeing in different ways. This indicates that targeted interventions aimed at increasing self-compassion and resilience simultaneously may contribute to improvements in different components of wellbeing.
What is already known about this topic:
Psychological wellbeing is associated with general health, psychological development, and longevity.
Greater self-compassion and resilience are independently associated with greater wellbeing.
Both self-compassion and resilience can be targeted through psychological interventions to promote wellbeing.

Psychological wellbeing is associated with general health, psychological development, and longevity.
Greater self-compassion and resilience are independently associated with greater wellbeing.
Both self-compassion and resilience can be targeted through psychological interventions to promote wellbeing.
What this topic adds:
(1) Self-compassion and resilience, when considered together, do not uniquely relate to all aspects of psychological wellbeing.
(2) Both self-compassion and resilience were uniquely related to some components of wellbeing (e.g., optimism). For other aspects of wellbeing (e.g., minimal symptoms of anxiety), only one of self-compassion or resilience was uniquely related to wellbeing.
(3) There is now a need to examine the unique effect of manipulating self-compassion and resilience on wellbeing to confirm if these patterns of associations are indicative of early intervention effectiveness.

(1) Self-compassion and resilience, when considered together, do not uniquely relate to all aspects of psychological wellbeing.
(2) Both self-compassion and resilience were uniquely related to some components of wellbeing (e.g., optimism). For other aspects of wellbeing (e.g., minimal symptoms of anxiety), only one of self-compassion or resilience was uniquely related to wellbeing.
(3) There is now a need to examine the unique effect of manipulating self-compassion and resilience on wellbeing to confirm if these patterns of associations are indicative of early intervention effectiveness.

心理弹性（Resilience）与自我同情（self-compassion）是既相互关联又彼此独立的构念，二者均已被证实分别与心理健康福祉（psychological wellbeing）存在显著关联。本研究旨在同时考察这两种构念对心理健康福祉的相对贡献，通过探究更高水平的心理弹性与自我同情是否与更优的心理健康福祉相关——后者以更高水平的乐观主义（optimism）、生活满意度（life satisfaction）、积极情感（positive affect），以及更低水平的消极情感（negative affect）与心理困扰（psychological distress）为表征。

本在线横断面研究共纳入168名参与者，所有受试者首先填写人口学问卷，随后完成心理弹性、自我同情、乐观主义、生活满意度、积极情感、消极情感以及心理困扰的相关测评量表。

多元线性回归分析结果显示，自我同情与心理弹性均与乐观主义和生活满意度呈中到强程度的正相关，同时与抑郁症状呈中到强程度的负相关。仅自我同情与焦虑、压力及消极情感存在关联，且均表现为中到强程度的负向效应。仅心理弹性与积极情感相关，该关联为中到强程度的正向效应。

研究结果表明，自我同情与心理弹性对心理健康福祉的作用路径存在差异。这提示，同时提升个体自我同情与心理弹性的针对性干预手段，或可从多维度改善心理健康福祉。

本领域已有研究共识：
1. 心理健康福祉与个体整体健康、心理发展及寿命长度密切相关；
2. 更高水平的自我同情与心理弹性，均分别与更优的心理健康福祉相关；
3. 可通过心理干预手段针对性提升自我同情与心理弹性，从而促进心理健康福祉。

心理健康福祉与个体整体健康、心理发展及寿命长度密切相关。
更高水平的自我同情与心理弹性，均分别与更优的心理健康福祉相关。
可通过心理干预手段针对性提升自我同情与心理弹性，从而促进心理健康福祉。

本研究新增的学术贡献：
(1) 当同时考量自我同情与心理弹性时，二者并非与心理健康福祉的所有维度均存在独特关联；
(2) 自我同情与心理弹性均与部分心理健康福祉维度存在独特关联（如乐观主义）；而对于其他福祉维度（如轻度焦虑症状），仅自我同情或心理弹性二者之一与该维度的福祉存在独特关联；
(3) 未来需进一步探究操纵自我同情与心理弹性对心理健康福祉的独特效应，以证实上述关联模式是否可预示早期干预的有效性。

(1) 当同时考量自我同情与心理弹性时，二者并非与心理健康福祉的所有维度均存在独特关联；
(2) 自我同情与心理弹性均与部分心理健康福祉维度存在独特关联（如乐观主义）；而对于其他福祉维度（如轻度焦虑症状），仅自我同情或心理弹性二者之一与该维度的福祉存在独特关联；
(3) 未来需进一步探究操纵自我同情与心理弹性对心理健康福祉的独特效应，以证实上述关联模式是否可预示早期干预的有效性。