Input files for WRF simulations Across the the iCMV

The west-east terrain cross-section along ~150km of the northern part of
Israel has a coastal-plain—mountain—valley structure; hereafter denoted
iCMV. The boundary layer height (BLH) evolution mechanism across the iCMV
has not yet been fully understood. We use Weather Research and Forecasting
(WRF) simulations and ceilometer measurements to decipher the iCMV BLH
evolution mechanism during the late summertime period of 5-14 September
2017, where the daily maximum BLH at the mountainous city of Jerusalem
(JrM; 800m above sea-level) varies by ~1000m. We first verify the BLH,
simulated by 5 model configurations (with 4 different BL schemes). The
RMSE for the 3 best configurations are around 160 and 200m for the coastal
and JrM areas, respectively. An analysis of the simulated daily BL
evolution reveals a general mechanism. In the early morning, the up-slope
flows and synoptic forcing interact to induce a surface flow convergence
(SFC) zone. During a westerly (easterly) synoptic flow, the SFC is induced
east (west) of JrM. Assisted by the inland propagating sea breeze front,
the SFC is advected eastwards during the afternoon, until it collapses at
the valley bottom. The SFC zone is accompanied by a substantial
positive vertical-wind column and a locally-elevated BLH. The more western
the morning-time SFC is, the more likely the elevated BLH will pass during
midday through JrM, with a higher daily maximum
BLH.  The exact dependence of the BLH evolution and the
associated temperature and humidity variations upon the synoptic regime
require further study.

以色列北部约150公里沿线的东西向地形剖面呈现海岸平原—山地—山谷结构（以下简称iCMV）。跨该结构的边界层高度（Boundary Layer Height, BLH）演化机制尚未完全阐明。本研究采用天气研究与预报（Weather Research and Forecasting, WRF）模式模拟与云高仪（ceilometer）观测数据，解析2017年9月5日至14日夏末时段的iCMV边界层高度演化机制。该时段内，海拔800米的山地城市耶路撒冷（JrM）的日最大边界层高度波动幅度约达1000米。研究首先对5种模式配置（包含4种不同的边界层参数化方案）模拟得到的边界层高度结果进行验证，最优的3种配置在沿海区域与JrM区域的均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error, RMSE）分别约为160米与200米。通过对模拟得到的逐日边界层演化过程开展分析，可揭示其通用演化机制：清晨时段，上坡气流与天气尺度强迫相互作用，形成地表气流辐合（Surface Flow Convergence, SFC）区。当天气尺度气流为西风（东风）时，地表气流辐合区形成于JrM的东侧（西侧）。在向内陆传播的海风锋辅助下，该辐合区于午后向东平流输送，直至在山谷底部消散。地表气流辐合区伴随显著的正垂直气柱与局地抬升的边界层高度。清晨时段地表气流辐合区的位置越偏西，正午时段抬升的边界层高度越有可能经过JrM，且对应的日最大边界层高度也越高。边界层高度演化及其伴随的温湿度变化对天气尺度环流的具体依赖关系，仍需进一步研究。