内蒙古中东部半干旱荒漠植物群落及生境数据库（2017-2021）

本数据集以毛乌素沙地、浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地和呼伦贝尔沙地等为核心调查区，于2017-2021年，重点调查分布在研究区内的常绿针叶林、落叶阔叶林、落叶小叶疏林、常绿针叶灌丛、落叶阔叶灌丛、灌草丛、杂草类草地等植被类型。其中主要乔木群系包括白杄林、榆树疏林、樟子松林等，灌木群系包括叉子圆柏灌丛、长梗扁桃灌丛、小叶锦鸡儿灌丛、盐蒿灌丛等，主要草本群系包括银灰旋花草地、长芒草草原、沙蓬草地、沙鞭草地、芨芨草草地等。
利用样方调查法，在指定点位布设1个100 m×100 m等地，在样地内系统设置5个10 m×10 m灌木样方、9个1 m×1 m的草本样方，并挖取一个1.5 m×1.0 m×1.2 m 的土壤剖面。调查不同植物群落植物种种类组成、高度、冠幅、盖度、密度、频度、生物量等生态学指标数据。灌木生物量获取采用标准枝或标准株法；草本地上生物量获取采用收获法；草本地下生物量采用直接收获法进行测定，每个样方内，选择3个草本样方，采集深度为0-60cm，分三层取样（0-20cm、20-40cm、40-60cm）。如果在调查样地内有乔木存在，则调查样方内乔木的种类、株数（密度）、胸径、高度和冠幅，同时记录死亡的乔木和灌木的种类及数量并测定地上生物量。土壤剖面调查过程中，分层进行取样，分层梯度划分为0-10 cm、10-20 cm、20-30 cm、30-50 cm、50-70 cm、70-100 cm。划分土壤类型后，量取不同剖面母质层深度和钙积层厚度，测定不同土层土壤容重、含水率、孔隙度、机械组成、有机质、全氮、全磷、 pH 值等指标。

This dataset takes the Mu Us Sandy Land, Hunshandak Sandy Land, Horqin Sandy Land and Hulunbuir Sandy Land as its core survey areas, with field investigations conducted between 2017 and 2021. It focuses on surveying vegetation types distributed within the study region, including evergreen coniferous forests, deciduous broad-leaved forests, deciduous small-leaved open forests, evergreen coniferous shrublands, deciduous broad-leaved shrublands, shrub-grasslands and forb grasslands.

The dominant arbor formations include *Picea meyeri* forest, Ulmus open forest, *Pinus sylvestris* var. *mongolica* forest, etc. The main shrub formations consist of *Sabina vulgaris* shrubland, *Amygdalus pedunculata* shrubland, *Caragana microphylla* shrubland and *Artemisia halodendron* shrubland, among others. The dominant herbaceous formations include *Convolvulus ammannii* grassland, *Stipa bungeana* steppe, *Agriophyllum squarrosum* grassland, *Psammochloa villosa* grassland and *Achnatherum splendens* grassland, among others.

For field sampling, 1 plot of 100 m × 100 m is established at designated sampling points. Within this main plot, 5 shrub quadrats (10 m × 10 m) and 9 herbaceous quadrats (1 m × 1 m) are systematically arranged, and a soil profile measuring 1.5 m × 1.0 m × 1.2 m is excavated. Ecological indicators including species composition, height, crown width, coverage, density, frequency and biomass of various plant communities are recorded during the survey.

Shrub biomass is collected using the standard branch or standard plant method. Aboveground herbaceous biomass is obtained via the harvesting method, while belowground herbaceous biomass is measured using the direct harvesting method. For each herbaceous quadrat, 3 sub-quadrats are selected for sampling at a depth of 0-60 cm, divided into three layers: 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm.

If arbor species are present in the survey plot, the species, individual number (density), diameter at breast height (DBH), height and crown width of the arbors within the quadrat are investigated. Additionally, the species and quantity of dead arbors and shrubs are recorded, and their aboveground biomass is measured.

During the soil profile survey, sampling is performed layer by layer with the following stratification gradients: 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, 30-50 cm, 50-70 cm and 70-100 cm. After classifying the soil types, the depth of the parent material layer and the thickness of the calcareous horizon in each profile are measured. Indicators including soil bulk density, moisture content, porosity, mechanical composition, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and pH value of different soil layers are also determined.