Morphological characterization of fruits, endocarp, seed and seedlings of cajá-manga (Spondias dulcis)

ABSTRACT The Cerrado biome has several species that can generate income, and the cajá-manga is one of these native species with great potential but with scarce information about its morphological characterization. Thus, this work aimed to characterize the fruit, endocarp, seeds, and seedlings of cajá-manga morphologically. The fruits were evaluated by the characteristics of the length, width, and diameter of the fruit, endocarp, and seeds, the number of loculi, and the weight of fruits and endocarp. The plantlets were evaluated for the number of seedlings per endocarp, number of leaflets, number of leaflets of the 3rd and 4th leaves, stem diameter, length of the shoot and root, root and shoot dry matter and data analyzed by descriptive analysis. The morphometric characteristics of the fruits, endocarp, and seeds were analyzed using the Scott-Knott test. The morphological characteristics of the fruits, the endocarps, the seeds, and the plantlets of cajá-manga varied within the mother plants. These results can be used as a basis for future selection of plants with desirable characteristics on breeding programs.

摘要：塞拉多（Cerrado）生物群区蕴含多种可创造经济收益的物种，卡雅芒果（cajá-manga）便是其中极具开发潜力的本土物种之一，但目前针对其形态学表征的相关研究资料仍较为匮乏。为此，本研究旨在对卡雅芒果的果实、内果皮、种子及实生苗开展形态学表征分析。本研究通过测定果实、内果皮及种子的长度、宽度、直径，心室数量，以及果实与内果皮的重量，对上述器官的性状进行评估；针对实生苗，则统计每枚内果皮萌发的幼苗数、小叶总数、第3、4片叶的小叶数、茎粗、地上部与根系长度，以及根和地上部的干物质质量，并采用描述性统计方法对所获数据进行分析。其中，果实、内果皮与种子的形态计量学性状采用斯科特-诺特（Scott-Knott）检验进行组间差异分析。研究结果表明，卡雅芒果的果实、内果皮、种子及实生苗的形态学性状在母株群体内存在显著变异。本研究结果可为后续育种项目中筛选具备优良目标性状的植株提供理论参考依据。