Visioni dello strutturalismo: Barthes, Deleuze, Derrida

Independently from distinctions of the manualistic type between structuralism and post-structuralism and from whether a position belongs or not to what has generally been indicated as “structuralism”, with special reference to France, the positions taken by Barthes, Deleuze e Derrida, whether directly or indirectly, is particularly interesting. More than on structuralism, the focus in this paper is on the concepts, themes, instruments and terms customarily described as “structuralist” as used by the three authors mentioned. All three have influenced the critique of the “subject” in the direction of reflection on the concept of difference, otherness, unrepeatability and singularity. Each thematize the impossibility of return to “prestructuralist” positions as much as the need to proceed beyond what is tagged “structuralism”.

撇开结构主义与后结构主义之间常见的教科书式分类，以及某一立场是否属于通常被冠以"结构主义"之名的理论范畴（尤其就法国学界而言），巴特（Barthes）、德勒兹（Deleuze）与德里达（Derrida）无论直接还是间接提出的理论立场，均极具研究价值。相较于结构主义本身，本文的核心关注点并非结构主义流派，而是上述三位学者在研究中所采用的、通常被归类为"结构主义式"的概念、主题、研究工具与术语。三人皆对"主体"批判产生了重要影响，推动学界围绕差异、他者性、不可重复性与独异性展开反思。三位学者均以主题化的方式阐释了双重命题：既无法回归"前结构主义"的理论立场，也必须突破被贴上"结构主义"标签的理论范畴。