Supporting data for "A microbial gene catalog of anaerobic digestion from full-scale biogas plants"

Biogas production with anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the most promising solutions for both renewable energy production and resolving the environmental problem caused by the increase in organic wastes worldwide. However, the complex structure of the microbiome in AD is less understood.<br>In this study, we constructed a microbial gene catalog of AD (22,840,185 genes), based on 1,817 gigabase (Gb) metagenomic data, derived from digestate samples of 56 full-scale biogas plants fed with diverse feedstocks. Among the gene catalog, 73.63% and 2.32% of genes were taxonomically annotated to Bacteria and Archaea, respectively and 57.07% of genes were functionally annotated with KEGG orthologous groups. Our results confirmed the existence of core microbiome in AD, and showed that the type of feedstock (cattle, chicken and pig manure) has a great influence on carbohydrate hydrolysis and methanogenesis. In addition, 2,426 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were recovered from all digestate samples, and all genomes were estimated to be 80% complete 10% contamination.<br>This study deepens our understanding of microbial compositions and functions in AD process, and also provides a huge number of reference genome and gene resources for analysis of anaerobic microbiota.

厌氧消化（anaerobic digestion, AD）制备沼气，是同时实现可再生能源生产与解决全球有机废弃物增量引发环境问题的极具潜力的方案之一。然而，厌氧消化系统中微生物组的复杂结构仍有待深入解析。
本研究基于来自56座采用多样化进料底物的规模化沼气工程沼渣样品的1817吉碱基（gigabase, Gb）宏基因组数据，构建了厌氧消化微生物基因集（共计22,840,185个基因）。该基因集中，分别有73.63%与2.32%的基因可分类注释为细菌域（Bacteria）与古菌域（Archaea），另有57.07%的基因可通过KEGG同源基因簇（KEGG orthologous groups）进行功能注释。本研究结果证实了厌氧消化系统中核心微生物组的存在，并揭示了进料底物类型（牛粪、鸡粪与猪粪）对碳水化合物水解与产甲烷过程具有显著影响。此外，本研究从全部沼渣样品中恢复得到2426个宏基因组组装基因组（metagenome-assembled genomes, MAGs），经评估所有基因组的完整度≥80%、污染率≤10%。
本研究加深了学界对厌氧消化过程中微生物组成与功能的认知，同时为厌氧微生物组的相关研究提供了海量的参考基因组与基因资源。