Heavy and light high-rise buildings in oasis-cities: thermal and energy assessment of apartments above and below the tree canopy in Mendoza, Argentina

Abstract From an environmental point of view, the urban forest in Oasis-Cities defines two strata in height: one with a moderate microclimate under the trees, and a second one over the tree canopy that presents an extreme climatic situation. The aim of this study is to assess the energy efficiency and the conditions of habitability of apartments at different heights in high-rise buildings. Four case studies were selected in the Oasis-City of Mendoza, Argentina: two above and two under the tree canopy. Heavy and light envelopes were evaluated. For two years, in situ temperature measurements were taken in order to perform a diagnosis. These data were used to adjust and validate models using the dynamic Energy Plus software. We studied energy refurbishment strategies. Thermal behaviour and HVAC consumption were analysed. The results show that dwellings under the urban forest influence take advantage of solar radiation protection in summer (thermal differences of 4°C), higher temperatures in winter (thermal differences of 3 °C) and minimum consumption in HVAC systems, close to zero energy buildings. Furthermore, apartments in heavy buildings reported better thermal behaviour than those in light buildings.

摘要 从环境视角来看，绿洲城市（Oasis-Cities）中的城市森林按高度划分为两个层级：其一为树冠下方气候温和的微环境，其二为树冠上方处于极端气候条件的区域。本研究旨在评估高层建筑不同楼层公寓的能源效率与居住宜居性条件。研究选取阿根廷门多萨的绿洲城市内的4个案例：2个位于树冠上方，2个位于树冠下方。本次研究对重型围护结构与轻型围护结构分别开展评估。研究开展了为期两年的现场温度测量以完成工况诊断，所得数据被用于依托动态能耗模拟软件Energy Plus对模型进行校准与验证。本研究还探讨了能源翻新策略，并对建筑热性能与暖通空调（HVAC）系统能耗展开分析。研究结果表明，位于城市森林下方的住宅可在夏季借助林木实现太阳辐射遮蔽（温差达4℃），冬季则可维持更高室温（温差达3℃），同时暖通空调系统能耗降至最低，趋近于零能耗建筑。此外，采用重型围护结构的建筑其热性能表现优于轻型围护结构的建筑。