Data_Sheet_2_Planning for Adaptation: A System Approach to Understand the Value Chain's Role in Supporting Smallholder Coffee Farmers' Adaptive Capacity in Peru.docx

Coffee is a major global commodity whose production is sustained by and provides livelihoods for millions of smallholder families in the tropics. However, it is highly sensitive to climate change and the climate risk family farmer's face from direct impacts on coffee production are often compounded by further impacts on the physical and social landscapes and infrastructure. We examine the vulnerability (sensitivity and adaptive capacity) of smallholder coffee farmers in northeastern Peru via the lens of their central participation in a value chain that mediates access to livelihood assets, affecting their adaptive capacity and aspects of their sensitivity. Using a staged and participatory, mixed-methods approach, we sought to understand the territorial climate exposure, the structure of the regional value chain and role of different actors in supporting farmer adaptive capacity, and assess the vulnerability of the entire value chain (including other actors in addition to farmers). We found heterogeneity not only in the potential impact of climate change on coffee production, future adaptation needs and vulnerability of farmers across the territory (among elevational zones and regions), but in the distribution of vulnerability among value chain actors. Farmers are the most vulnerable actors, simultaneously the most sensitive and with the lowest adaptive capacity, issues stemming from their strong territorial dependence and pre-existing social and economic asymmetries with actors in the coffee value chain who are not as territorially dependent (e.g., private companies). We make the case that supporting the adaptation of smallholder farmers in the study region requires moving beyond a value-chain approach to a territorial systems perspective that more intentionally involves those actors with stronger, locally vested interests (e.g., local governments and institutions) in their adaptation and requires the strengthening capacities of these actors in various areas.

咖啡是全球重要大宗商品，其生产维系并支撑了热带地区数百万小农家庭的生计。然而咖啡对气候变化极为敏感，小农面临的气候风险不仅源于咖啡生产遭受的直接冲击，还会因自然与社会景观及基础设施受到的额外影响而进一步加剧。
本研究以秘鲁东北部咖啡小农为研究对象，从其核心参与价值链的视角出发，考察其脆弱性（vulnerability，涵盖敏感性与适应能力两个维度）——该价值链介导了生计资产的获取渠道，进而影响小农的适应能力与敏感性的相关表现。本研究采用分阶段参与式混合研究方法，旨在探明区域气候暴露状况、区域价值链结构以及各主体在提升小农适应能力中发挥的作用，并评估整条价值链（含农户以外的其他主体）的脆弱性。
研究发现，不仅区域内不同海拔带与区域间，气候变化对咖啡生产的潜在影响、农户未来适应需求及脆弱性存在显著异质性，价值链各主体间的脆弱性分布亦呈现不均衡特征。农户是价值链中最脆弱的主体，兼具最高敏感性与最低适应能力，这一困境源于农户极强的地域依附性，以及其与咖啡价值链中非地域依附型主体（如私营企业）之间长期存在的社会与经济不对称性。
本研究主张，助力研究区域内小农的气候适应工作，需跳出单一价值链视角，转向地域系统视角——该视角需更主动纳入那些在本地拥有更强既得利益的主体（如地方政府与公共机构）参与适应进程，并强化这些主体在多领域的能力建设。