DIGITAL CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN COAL MINING: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND STAKEHOLDER VALUE CREATION

The coal mining industry remains one of the most strategically important sectors for energy security and industrial development. At the same time, it is associated with significant occupational, environmental, and social risks that require mining companies to adopt more responsible and transparent management approaches. Traditional Corporate Social Responsibility has contributed to improving stakeholder engagement, environmental protection, and community development; however, the rapid advancement of Industry 4.0 technologies has fundamentally changed the mechanisms through which corporate responsibility can be implemented. Digital transformation enables mining enterprises to shift from reactive social responsibility practices toward proactive, data-driven, and predictive management systems. This paper proposes a new conceptual framework entitled Digital Corporate Social Responsibility in Coal Mining. Unlike conventional CSR models, the proposed framework integrates artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, geographic information systems, digital twins, and cloud-based monitoring platforms into the governance of occupational safety, environmental protection, stakeholder communication, and corporate transparency. The study argues that digital technologies should not merely support CSR activities but become an institutional component of responsible corporate governance. The proposed framework introduces the concept of Digital Trust Capital, defined as a strategic intangible asset created through transparent digital information management, cybersecurity, ethical data governance, and real-time stakeholder interaction. The paper further suggests that Digital Trust Capital strengthens organizational resilience, enhances environmental and social performance, improves stakeholder confidence, and contributes to sustainable competitiveness in the mining industry. The article contributes to CSR theory by reconceptualizing corporate responsibility in coal mining from a static compliance-oriented approach to a dynamic digital governance system. The proposed framework may serve as a theoretical foundation for future empirical studies and practical implementation of digital responsibility strategies in mining enterprises.