Remote Sensing and Modeling of Permafrost and Hydrology [4. Remote Sensing Data: GRACE]
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Scientific Personnel
V. E. Romanovsky, S. S. Marchenko, R.R. Muskett
Partner Organizations:
Alaska Ecoscience, USA
Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany
Centre d'etudes Nordiques, Department de Geographie, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada
Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark
Institute of Earth Cryosphere, Russia
Institute of Northern Engineering, UAF
Interdisciplinary Centre on Climate Change and Department
of Geography & Environmental Management, University of
Waterloo, Canada
International Arctic Research Center, UAF
International Permafrost Association, USA
Melinkov Permafrost Institute, Russia
Moscow Institute of Geography, Russia Academy of Sciences
National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA
Scenarios Network for Alaska Planning (SNAP), UAF
Stokholm University, Sweden
University of Delaware, USA
University of New Hampshire, USA
Water Environment Research Center, UAF
Local Collaborators:
Jorgenson, M.T., Alaska Ecoscience, AK
Kholodov, A.L., Geophysical Institute, UAF
Daanen, R., Institute of Northern Engineering, UAF
Kanevskiy M., Institute of Northern Engineering, UAF
Shur, Y., Institute of Northern Engineering, UAF
Walsh, J., International Arctic Research Center, UAF
Fresco, N., Scenarios Network for Alaska Planning, School of Natural Resources & Agricultural Sciences, UAF
Rupp, S., Scenarios Network for Alaska Planning, School of Natural Resources & Agricultural Sciences, UAF
Walter-Anthony, K., Water Environmental Research Center, UAF
International Collaborators:
Christensen, J., Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark
Comiso, J., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Oceans and Ice Branch, USA
Duguay, C. R., University of Waterloo, Canada
Frolking, S., Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, USA
Georgiadi, A., Moscow Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences
Groisman, P., National Climatic Data Center, USA
Hachem, S., Université Laval, Québec, Canada
Hubberten, H.-W., Alfred Wegener Institute, Potsdam, Germany
Harden Jennifer, US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA
Kattsov, V., Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory, Russia
Kuhry, P., Stockholm University, Sweden
Lawrence, D., National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA
Malkova, G., Institute of Earth Cryosphere, Russia
Pavlova, T., Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory, Russia
Rawlins, M., University of New Hampshire, USA
Rinke, A., Alfred Wegener Institute, Potsdam, Germany
Romanovskii, N., Moscow State University, Russia
Saito, K., Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science Technology, Japan
Shiklomanov, N., University of Delaware, USA
Shiklomanov, A., University of New Hampshire, USA
Shkolnik, I.M., Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory, Russia
Schirrmeister L, Alfred Wegener Institute, Potsdam, Germany
Schuur A.G. Edward, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Stendel, M., Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark
Wisser, D., Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, USA
Zheleznyak, M., Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Russia
Funding:
NSF Grants OPP ARC-0652838 [ARC-0520578 and ARC-0632400]
NASA (NNOG6M48G), Alaska EPSCoR (NSF)
The State of Alaska
Study Sites
Permafrost Freshwater Interactions
Alaska, Canada, Russia
Permafrost Observatories?Thermal state of permafrost in Russia and Central Asia
Permafrost Freshwater Interactions Project continues investigations began during the Thermal State of Permafrost (TSP) Project with renewed and expanded collaboration. Our efforts focus and expand on permafrost and hydrology changes through geophysical modeling and remote sensing (satellite geodesy).
During TSP in cooperation with above mentioned Russian partners a large number of existing boreholes have been identified for possible measurements (candidate sites). Many of these have metadata files on the IPA coordinated GTN-P website. Additional sites will be added to the web site. New boreholes over the next several years are planned. A total of 320 boreholes, located in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia were considered from the point of view of possibility for continuous geothermal observations (see Figure). Boreholes cover all types of permafrost, from continuous to sporadic, both on the plains and in the mountains. Active (sites where regular observations were carried out recently and are intended to continue in the future), candidate (where equipment for long-term observations can be installed soon), potential (equipment for long-term observation is planned to be installed during the project) and historical (there are some existing data but now these sites are unavailable for observations for different reasons) boreholes were selected.
In order to standardize all investigations within the framework of the Project the “Manual for monitoring and reporting temperature data in permafrost boreholes” was developed. It allows better standardized collection, handling and interpretation of obtained data. In the Protocol two types of observation strategies are proposed:
Type 1: Long-term high-frequency (hourly to daily) continuous observations in the limited number of key boreholes, which are representative of a given regions (note: these more frequent observations are desirable to depths of 15-20 meters);
Type 2: Occasional or periodical measurements in the other available and deeper boreholes (if possible annual or more frequently).
As a minimum, and based primarily on cost considerations for the IPY-TSP program, the use of HOBO U12 4-External Channel Data Loggerswith temperature sensors TMC-HD are proposed. At the same time, individual participants can employ other types of loggers and/or thermal cables (chains) with similar sensor characteristics.
Research Goals
The goal of our research is to obtain a deeper understanding of the temporal (interannual and decadal time scales) and spatial (north to south and west to east) variability and trends in the permafrost temperatures and physical changes (such as talik and the active layer) in the North of Eurasia and Alaska to develop more reliable predictive capabilities for the projection of these changes into the 21st century. We are employing ground datasets from the global permafrost temperature networks, global positioning system sites of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame organization, together with satellite-derived datasets of physical parameters such as land-surface temperature, gravity field changes, river runoff and snow water equivalent to name a few. Our modeling efforts employ the Geophysical Institute Permafrost Models (GIPL) and Geophysical Inverse Potential Field Theory.
科研人员:V·E·罗曼诺夫斯基(V. E. Romanovsky)、S·S·马尔琴科(S. S. Marchenko)、R·R·马斯克特(R.R. Muskett)
合作机构:
美国阿拉斯加生态科学中心(Alaska Ecoscience)、德国阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳研究所(Alfred Wegener Institute)、加拿大魁北克拉瓦尔大学地理系北方研究中心(Centre d'etudes Nordiques, Department de Geographie, Universite Laval)、加拿大魁北克、丹麦气象研究所(Danish Meteorological Institute)、俄罗斯地球冰冻圈研究所(Institute of Earth Cryosphere)、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校(University of Alaska Fairbanks, 简称UAF)北方工程研究所(Institute of Northern Engineering)、加拿大滑铁卢大学气候变化跨学科中心与地理与环境管理系(Interdisciplinary Centre on Climate Change and Department of Geography & Environmental Management, University of Waterloo)、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校国际北极研究中心(International Arctic Research Center, UAF)、美国国际冻土协会(International Permafrost Association, 简称IPA)、俄罗斯梅利尼科夫冻土研究所(Melinkov Permafrost Institute)、俄罗斯科学院莫斯科地理研究所(Moscow Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences)、美国国家大气研究中心(National Center for Atmospheric Research)、美国国家航空航天局(NASA)戈达德太空飞行中心(NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校阿拉斯加规划情景网络(Scenarios Network for Alaska Planning, 简称SNAP)、瑞典斯德哥尔摩大学(Stockholm University)、美国特拉华大学(University of Delaware)、美国新罕布什尔大学(University of New Hampshire)、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校水环境研究中心(Water Environment Research Center, UAF)
本地合作者:
美国阿拉斯加州阿拉斯加生态科学中心M·T·约根森(Jorgenson, M.T.)、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校地球物理研究所A·L·科洛多夫(Kholodov, A.L.)、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校北方工程研究所R·达南(Daanen, R.)、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校北方工程研究所M·卡涅夫斯基(Kanevskiy M.)、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校北方工程研究所Y·舒尔(Shur, Y.)、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校国际北极研究中心J·沃尔什(Walsh, J.)、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校自然资源与农学院阿拉斯加规划情景网络N·弗雷斯科(Fresco, N.)、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校自然资源与农学院阿拉斯加规划情景网络S·鲁普(Rupp, S.)、阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯分校水环境研究中心K·沃尔特-安东尼(Walter-Anthony, K.)
国际合作者:
丹麦气象研究所J·克里斯滕森(Christensen, J.)、美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心海洋与冰分部J·科米索(Comiso, J.)、加拿大滑铁卢大学C·R·杜盖伊(Duguay, C. R.)、美国新罕布什尔大学地球、海洋与空间研究所S·弗罗尔金(Frolking, S.)、俄罗斯科学院莫斯科地理研究所A·乔治亚迪(Georgiadi, A.)、美国国家气候数据中心P·格罗伊斯曼(Groisman, P.)、加拿大魁北克拉瓦尔大学S·哈查姆(Hachem, S.)、德国波茨坦阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳研究所H·-W·哈伯滕(Hubberten, H.-W.)、美国加利福尼亚州门洛帕克美国地质调查局J·哈登(Harden Jennifer)、俄罗斯沃伊科夫主地球物理观测站V·卡茨索夫(Kattsov, V.)、瑞典斯德哥尔摩大学P·库里(Kuhry, P.)、美国国家大气研究中心D·劳伦斯(Lawrence, D.)、俄罗斯地球冰冻圈研究所G·马尔科娃(Malkova, G.)、俄罗斯沃伊科夫主地球物理观测站T·帕夫洛娃(Pavlova, T.)、美国新罕布什尔大学M·罗林斯(Rawlins, M.)、德国波茨坦阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳研究所A·林克(Rinke, A.)、俄罗斯莫斯科国立大学N·罗曼诺夫斯基(Romanovskii, N.)、日本海洋地球科学技术机构K·斋藤(Saito, K.)、美国特拉华大学N·希克洛马诺夫(Shiklomanov, N.)、美国新罕布什尔大学A·希克洛马诺夫(Shiklomanov, A.)、俄罗斯沃伊科夫主地球物理观测站I·M·什科尔尼克(Shkolnik, I.M.)、德国波茨坦阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳研究所L·席尔迈斯特(Schirrmeister L)、美国佛罗里达州盖恩斯维尔佛罗里达大学A·G·爱德华·舒尔(Schuur A.G. Edward)、丹麦气象研究所M·施滕德尔(Stendel, M.)、美国新罕布什尔大学地球、海洋与空间研究所D·维瑟(Wisser, D.)、俄罗斯梅利尼科夫冻土研究所M·热列兹尼亚克(Zheleznyak, M.)
资助信息:
美国国家科学基金会(NSF)OPP项目拨款ARC-0652838 [配套ARC-0520578与ARC-0632400]、美国国家航空航天局(NASA)资助项目NNOG6M48G、阿拉斯加EPSCoR(由美国国家科学基金会资助)、阿拉斯加州政府
研究站点:
多年冻土-淡水相互作用(Permafrost Freshwater Interactions)
研究区域:阿拉斯加、加拿大、俄罗斯
多年冻土观测:俄罗斯及中亚地区多年冻土热状态(原文此处问号应为笔误,应为冒号)
多年冻土-淡水相互作用项目延续了此前在多年冻土热状态(Thermal State of Permafrost, 简称TSP)项目中开展的研究,并通过新增合作实现了研究范围的拓展。本项目聚焦并拓展了通过地球物理建模与遥感(卫星大地测量)开展的多年冻土与水文变化研究。
在TSP项目期间,本团队与前述俄罗斯合作方合作,已甄别出大量可供测量的现存钻孔(候选站点)。其中多数站点的元数据可在国际冻土协会(IPA)协调的全球冻土温度网络(Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost, 简称GTN-P)网站上获取。后续将有更多站点新增至该网站,并计划在未来数年内开展新钻孔的布设工作。
团队共筛选出位于俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦与蒙古国的320个钻孔,以评估其开展连续地热观测的可行性(详见附图)。这些钻孔涵盖了平原与山地的所有类型多年冻土,从连续多年冻土到零星分布多年冻土均有覆盖。本次筛选的钻孔分为四类:活跃站点(近期已开展常规观测并计划在未来持续观测)、候选站点(可尽快布设长期观测设备)、潜在站点(计划在本项目期间布设长期观测设备)以及历史站点(存有部分观测数据,但因各类原因目前无法开展观测)。
为统一本项目框架下的所有研究工作,团队制定了《多年冻土钻孔温度数据监测与报告手册》,以实现观测数据的标准化采集、处理与解译。该手册提出两类观测方案:
类型1:针对具有区域代表性的少量关键钻孔开展长期高频(每小时至每日)连续观测(注:这类高频观测建议布设至15-20米深度);
类型2:对其余可用的深层钻孔开展偶测或定期测量(若条件允许,可每年开展一次或更频繁的测量)。
基于IPY-TSP项目的成本考量,本项目建议至少采用搭载TMC-HD温度传感器的HOBO U12型4通道外部数据记录仪。同时,各参与方也可选用其他参数规格相近的记录仪或热感电缆(链)。
研究目标:
本研究的核心目标是深入理解欧亚大陆北部与阿拉斯加地区多年冻土温度及物理变化(如融区(talik)与活动层(active layer))的时间(年际与年代际尺度)与空间(南北向、东西向)变异特征及变化趋势,从而为21世纪的冻土变化预测提供更可靠的推演能力。本研究将采用全球多年冻土温度网络的地面观测数据集、国际地面参考框架组织的全球定位系统站点数据,以及地表温度、重力场变化、河流径流与雪水当量等卫星反演物理参数数据集(仅举数例)。本研究的建模工作将采用地球物理研究所冻土模型(Geophysical Institute Permafrost Models, 简称GIPL)与地球物理逆势场理论。
创建时间:
2021-01-25



