Demographic profile of participants.

Complementary and Alternative medicine is known to have health benefits. Yoga nidra practice is an easy-to-do practice and has shown beneficial effects on stress reduction and is found to improve sleep in insomnia patients. Effect of yoga nidra practice on subjective sleep is known but its effect on sleep and cognition objectively is not documented. The aim of the study was to study the effect of yoga nidra practice on cognition and sleep using objective parameters. 41 participants were enrolled, and baseline sleep diary (SD) collected. Participants volunteered for overnight polysomnography (PSG) and cognition testing battery (CTB) comprising of Motor praxis test, emotion recognition task (ERT), digital symbol substitution task, visual object learning task (VOLT), abstract matching (AIM), line orientation task, matrix reasoning task, fractal-2-back test (NBACK), psychomotor vigilance task and balloon analog risk task. Baseline CTB and after one and two weeks of practice was compared. Power spectra density for EEG at central, frontal, and occipital locations during CTB was compared. Repeat SD and PSG after four weeks of practice were done. After yoga nidra practice, improved reaction times for all cognition tasks were seen. Post intervention compared to baseline (95%CI; p-value, effect size) showed a significant improvement in sleep efficiency of +3.62% (0.3, 5.15; p = 0.03, r = 0.42), -20min (-35.78, -5.02; p = 0.003, d = 0.84) for wake after sleep onset and +4.19 μV2 (0.5, 9.5; p = 0.04, r = 0.43) in delta during deep sleep. Accuracy increased in VOLT (95% CI: 0.08, 0.17; p = 0.002, d = 0.79), AIM (95% CI: 0.03, 0.12; p = 0.02, d = 0.61) and NBACK (95% CI: 0.02, 0.13; p = 0.04, d = 0.56); ERT accuracy increased for happy, fear and anger (95% CI: 0.07, 0.24; p = 0.004, d = 0.75) but reduced for neutral stimuli (95% CI: -0.31, -0.12; p = 0.04, r = 0.33) after yoga nidra practice. Yoga Nidra practice improved cognitive processing and night-time sleep.补充与替代医学（Complementary and Alternative Medicine）已被证实具有健康获益。瑜伽休息术（Yoga Nidra）是一种易于实施的练习，其在减轻应激方面已展现出有益效果，且被发现可改善失眠患者的睡眠状况。目前已知瑜伽休息术练习对主观睡眠的影响，但针对其对睡眠与认知的客观影响尚未有相关文献记载。本研究旨在通过客观参数探究瑜伽休息术练习对认知功能与睡眠的影响。本研究共纳入41名受试者，收集其基线睡眠日记（sleep diary, SD）。受试者自愿参与夜间多导睡眠图（polysomnography, PSG）检测及认知测试组合（cognition testing battery, CTB），该组合包含动作运用测试、情绪识别任务（emotion recognition task, ERT）、数字符号替换测试、视觉物体学习测试（visual object learning task, VOLT）、抽象匹配任务（abstract matching, AIM）、线条定向任务、矩阵推理任务、分形2-back测试（fractal-2-back test, NBACK）、精神运动警觉任务及气球模拟风险任务。分别对基线认知测试组合结果，以及练习1周、2周后的结果进行对比。同时对比了认知测试过程中，中央、额叶及枕叶脑区脑电图（electroencephalogram, EEG）的功率谱密度。在练习4周后，对受试者再次进行睡眠日记及多导睡眠图检测。瑜伽休息术练习后，所有认知任务的反应时均得到改善。与基线相比，干预后（95%置信区间；p值；效应量）显示睡眠效率显著提升+3.62%（0.3, 5.15; p = 0.03, r = 0.42），睡眠后觉醒时间减少20分钟（-35.78, -5.02; p = 0.003, d = 0.84），深睡阶段δ波功率增加+4.19 μV²（0.5, 9.5; p = 0.04, r = 0.43）。视觉物体学习测试准确率提升（95% CI: 0.08, 0.17; p = 0.002, d = 0.79），抽象匹配任务准确率提升（95% CI: 0.03, 0.12; p = 0.02, d = 0.61），分形2-back测试准确率提升（95% CI: 0.02, 0.13; p = 0.04, d = 0.56）；情绪识别任务对快乐、恐惧及愤怒面孔的识别准确率提升（95% CI: 0.07, 0.24; p = 0.004, d = 0.75），但对中性刺激的识别准确率下降（95% CI: -0.31, -0.12; p = 0.04, r = 0.33）。综上，瑜伽休息术练习可改善认知加工能力与夜间睡眠质量。