Snow height on sea ice and sea ice drift from autonomous measurements from buoy 2022S119, deployed during the Endurance22 expedition in 2022@en

Snow height was measured by the Snow Buoy 2022S119, an autonomous platform, drifting on Antarctic sea ice, deployed during the expedition Endurance22 with S. A. Agulhas II in 2022. The resulting time series describes the evolution of snow height as a function of place and time between 16 Feb 2022 and 22 Sep 2022 in sample intervals of 1 hour. The Snow Buoy consists of four independent sonar measurements representing the area (approx. 10 m**2) around the buoy. The buoy was installed on first year ice. In addition to snow depth, geographic position (GPS), barometric pressure, air temperature, and an internal ice temperature were measured. Negative values of snow height occur if surface ablation continues into the sea ice. Thus, these measurements describe the position of the sea ice surface relative to the original snow-ice interface. Differences between single sensors indicate small-scale variability of the snow pack around the buoy. The data set has been processed and contains quality flags for different kinds for erroneous data. Flag values are the sum of individual error codes. The value of 0 refers to no error. Quality flag, position: The geographic position is flagged +1 if the drift velocity, as derived from the GPS longitude and latitude, exceeds a threshold of 10 deg latitude or 50 deg longitude per time step; +2 if the position exceeds extreme values, such as longitude > 360 deg; +4 if the position is exactly 0.0. Quality flag, snow: The snow height is flagged for each sensor +1 for manual corrections during processing (e.g. sensor issues); +2 if the snow accumulation exceeds 0.1 m per hour; +4 if the difference in snow height is larger than 0.03 m compared to values within the last and next 2 hours; +32 if the value exceeds the height of sensor on the platform at 1.5 m. Quality flag, temperature: The air temperature is flagged +1 for manual corrections during processing (e.g. sensor issues); + 32 if the value is below – 50 °C. […]本数据集的雪面高度由雪浮标2022S119（Snow Buoy 2022S119）测得，该自主平台在南极海冰上漂移，于2022年随“耐力22”（Endurance22）考察队搭乘S. A. Agulhas II号科考船完成部署。所得时间序列记录了2022年2月16日至2022年9月22日期间，雪面高度随空间位置与时间的演变过程，采样间隔为1小时。该雪浮标包含4组独立声呐测量数据，覆盖浮标周边约10平方米的区域，浮标搭载于一年冰（first year ice）之上。除雪深外，数据集还同步采集了地理位置（GPS）、大气压强、气温以及浮标内部冰温。当表面消融持续延伸至海冰时，会出现雪面高度负值，此类测量值表征海冰表面相对于初始雪冰界面的位置。单个传感器间的读数差异，可反映浮标周边积雪的小尺度空间变异性。本数据集已完成预处理，并包含针对各类错误数据的质量标记（quality flag）字段。标记值为各独立错误代码的总和，值为0代表无错误。位置质量标记规则：若由GPS经纬度推导的漂移速度超过每时间步长10度纬度或50度经度的阈值，则标记+1；若经度超出360度等极端取值范围，则标记+2；若位置恰好为0.0，则标记+4。积雪质量标记规则：针对每个传感器，若处理过程中进行了手动校正（如传感器故障），则标记+1；若单小时积雪积累量超过0.1米，则标记+2；若当前雪面高度与前后2小时内的对应值差值超过0.03米，则标记+4；若测量值超过平台传感器的安装高度1.5米，则标记+32。气温质量标记规则：若处理过程中进行了手动校正（如传感器故障），则标记+1；若测量值低于–50°C，则标记+32。[…]