Supplementary Material for: Worldwide burden of retinoblastoma from 1990-2021

Introduction: To report the global, regional, and national burden of retinoblastoma between 1990 and 2021, by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI).
Methods: We leveraged the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study to elucidate the epidemiological landscape of retinoblastoma, encompassing prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 nations and territories spanning the period from 1990 to 2021. The SDI was employed to evaluate the interplay between socio-economic development and the burden of retinoblastoma.
Results: In 2021, global estimates unveiled 57,333 prevalent cases of retinoblastoma, yielding 6,274 incident cases, 2,762 deaths, and 243,204 DALYs. Globally, the age-standardized prevalence, incidence, mortality, and DALY rates for retinoblastoma in 2021 were 0.86, 0.09, 0.04, and 3.65 per 100,000 population, respectively. Tokelau, Kenya, and Portugal demonstrated the highest age-standardized prevalence and incidence rates of retinoblastoma in 2021. The global prevalence of retinoblastoma peaks among children aged 2 to 4 years and subsequently declines with increasing age. At the regional level, the correlation between SDI and age-standardized prevalence rates for retinoblastoma manifested a V-shaped pattern.
Conclusions: This comprehensive examination of retinoblastoma epidemiological trends underscores the imperative for heightened vigilance and more efficacious therapeutic interventions, especially within resource-limited environments. The findings accentuate the need for targeted strategies to address the disparate burden of retinoblastoma across diverse socioeconomic landscapes.

引言：本研究旨在报告1990年至2021年间，按年龄、性别及社会人口统计学指数（SDI，sociodemographic index）划分的全球、区域及国家层面视网膜母细胞瘤（retinoblastoma）疾病负担。
方法：本研究依托2021年全球疾病负担研究（Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study），阐明了1990年至2021年间204个国家和地区的视网膜母细胞瘤流行病学特征，涵盖患病率、发病率、死亡率及伤残调整寿命年（DALYs，disability-adjusted life years）。研究采用社会人口统计学指数，以评估社会经济发展与视网膜母细胞瘤疾病负担之间的相互关系。
结果：2021年的全球估算数据显示，视网膜母细胞瘤现患病例达57333例，新增病例6274例，死亡病例2762例，伤残调整寿命年为243204人年。2021年全球视网膜母细胞瘤年龄标准化患病率、发病率、死亡率及伤残调整寿命年率分别为每10万人0.86、0.09、0.04及3.65。2021年，托克劳（Tokelau）、肯尼亚（Kenya）及葡萄牙（Portugal）的视网膜母细胞瘤年龄标准化患病率与发病率均位居全球前列。全球视网膜母细胞瘤患病率在2至4岁儿童群体中达到峰值，随后随年龄增长而下降。区域层面来看，社会人口统计学指数与视网膜母细胞瘤年龄标准化患病率之间的相关性呈V型模式。
结论：本研究对视网膜母细胞瘤流行病学趋势的全面分析表明，亟需提升疾病监测警惕性并开发更有效的治疗干预手段，在资源匮乏地区尤为如此。研究结果强调，需制定针对性策略，以应对不同社会经济背景下视网膜母细胞瘤疾病负担的差异。