Signs of altered psychomotor capacity and use of alcohol and other drugs among nightclub patrons who drive in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

<b>Objectives:</b> To investigate the occurrence of signs of altered psychomotor capacity (SAPC) associated with the violation of the dry law at the exits of nightclubs in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. <b>Methods:</b> Data from drivers participating in the <i>Balada com Ciência</i> project were used. Alcohol dosages were measured with breathalyzer test. The use of other drugs was obtained by interviewees’ self-report. SAPC (speech, walking, glazed eyes, and alcohol odor) were verified by the interviewers at the time of the interview and categorized as “no sign” or “at least one sign”. All measurements were evaluated at the exit of the nightclubs. The population description considered the sample weighting. Logistic regression analysis evaluated the association between the occurrence of SAPC, alcohol and other drugs use, controlling for sociodemographic variables. <b>Results:</b> At nightclubs, the SAPC among drivers are about 8 times higher when the breath alcohol concentration is above 0.05 mg/L if compared with those who did not drink alcohol, and about 30 times higher when the alcohol concentration was ≥ 0.34 mg/L in exhaled air. This finding is not generally verified in the literature for those who report the use of drugs inside nightclubs, which is interesting, since 20.4% of the interviewed population reported using drugs in the places surveyed. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study suggests the potential of using the Perham (2007) physical test for alcohol intoxication in sobriety checkpoints at the exit of nightclubs. However, the verification of these signs is not enough for the identification of drug use by drivers.

**研究目的**：旨在探究巴西圣保罗市夜店出口处，与违反禁酒法规相关的精神运动能力改变征候（Signs of Altered Psychomotor Capacity, SAPC）的发生情况。
**研究方法**：本研究采用「Balada com Ciência」项目中参与驾驶员的相关数据。使用呼气式酒精检测仪（breathalyzer test）测定呼出气体酒精浓度，通过受访者自报获取其他药物使用信息。由访调员在访谈现场核查SAPC征候，具体包括言语异常、行走不稳、眼球浑浊及酒精气味，并将其归类为「无征候」或「至少存在一项征候」。所有观测均在夜店出口处完成。人口学特征描述采用样本加权方法进行校正。采用logistic回归分析SAPC发生情况与酒精及其他药物使用之间的关联，并控制社会人口学变量的混杂效应。
**研究结果**：在夜店场景中，当呼出气体酒精浓度高于0.05 mg/L时，驾驶员出现SAPC的风险较未饮酒者高约8倍；当呼出气体酒精浓度≥0.34 mg/L时，该风险则升高约30倍。值得关注的是，本研究中有20.4%的受访人群报告曾在所调研的夜店内使用药物，但现有文献中尚未普遍证实针对该类人群存在上述关联，这一现象颇具研究价值。
**研究结论**：本研究提示，可将Perham（2007）提出的酒精中毒体格检查方法应用于夜店出口处的清醒检查站。然而，仅通过核查上述SAPC征候，不足以识别驾驶员的药物使用情况。