Results of the neuropsychological assessment for boxers vs. controls.

The boxers performed significantly better than the controls in the Listening Span and Visual – Remember HR tests (p = 0.05 and 0.02 respectively). No other significant differences were seen between the groups.
1ROCF: Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test.
2Vocabulary: 35 words were presented and for each word 0,1 or 2 points were assigned.
3COWAT (Controlled Word Association Test): Participants were asked to generate as many words as possible that begins with the given letters F, A and S. Sixty seconds were allowed for each letter. One point per word was received.
4Digit Span: Participants were presented with series of numbers, starting with three (for example 3–4–8). There were two series in each level and in total seven levels. The task was to immediately repeat the numbers back. When doing this successfully, the participants were given a longer serie of numbers.
5Listening Span: A mixed lists of digits and letters were read aloud to the participants and they were asked to recall this list in correct numeric and alphabetic order.
6Trail Making: In trail A the participant is instructed to trace a line that connects circled numbers in consecutive order. In trail B the task is to trace a line by alternating circled numbers and circled letters in consecutive order. Time is measured in seconds(s).
7Reaction time: a) Simple reaction time: Participants were instructed to respond as quickly as possible whenever the circle appeared on the screen. Complex reaction time: Required participants to respond with right hand to the circle and left hand to the triangle. Difference = Complex−Simple reaction time.
8Finger Tapping. In total five trials with 15 s pauses between the trials. The participants were asked to press the space board with their index finger on the computer keyboard as many times as possible for 15 s, alternating dominate and non-dominant hand. The mean value was calculated.
9Propotional values (range 0.04–0.96). There are 30 words respectively in the auditory and visual conditions. The proportion of correct recognition hit rates (HR) is presented.

拳击手组在听觉广度测试（Listening Span）与视觉回忆击中率测试（Visual – Remember HR）中的表现显著优于对照组，p值分别为0.05与0.02。两组间未观察到其余显著差异。
1 雷-奥斯特里希复杂图形测验（Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test，ROCF）
2 词汇测验：共呈现35个单词，每个单词可获得0、1或2分。
3 受控词语联想测验（COWAT，Controlled Word Association Test）：要求参与者尽可能多地生成以指定字母F、A、S开头的单词，每个字母限时60秒，每生成一个单词得1分。
4 数字广度测验（Digit Span）：向参与者呈现由数字组成的序列，起始长度为3位（例如3–4–8）。每个难度层级包含2组序列，共计7个层级。任务要求参与者立即复述所呈现的数字序列，若成功完成则进入更长的数字序列测试。
5 听觉广度测试：向参与者朗读由数字与字母混合组成的序列，要求参与者按正确的数字顺序与字母顺序复述该序列。
6 连线测验（Trail Making）：在连线测验A中，参与者需按连续顺序连接圆形数字以绘制连线；在连线测验B中，任务要求按连续顺序交替连接圆形数字与圆形字母以绘制连线。测试以秒（s）为单位记录完成时间。
7 反应时测验：a) 简单反应时：要求参与者在屏幕上出现圆形时尽快做出反应；b) 复杂反应时：要求参与者用右手对圆形做出反应，用左手对三角形做出反应。反应时差=复杂反应时-简单反应时。
8 手指敲击测验（Finger Tapping）：共计5次测试，每次测试间隔15秒。要求参与者用优势手与非优势手交替敲击电脑键盘的空格键，每次敲击时长为15秒，尽可能多地完成敲击动作，最终计算平均敲击次数。
9 比例值（取值范围0.04~0.96）：听觉与视觉条件下各包含30个单词，统计并呈现正确再认击中率（HR）的比例值。