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Pharmacists are essential for developing pharmacotherapy plans, conducting clinical assessments, and overseeing drug monitoring. Their interventions help prevent medication errors and adverse drug events and enhance medication safety. This study aimed to systematically review pharmacist-led interventions for managing medication-related issues in patients receiving anti-ulcer treatments. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to explore four databases for studies published from 1904 up to June 2024. Nine studies were reviewed, including four retrospective, three case-control, one mixed-method, and one prospective pre-post study involving 34,099 participants. The average age of the patients was 61 years, and 50.23% were male. The study quality was high, with an average score of 6.22/7 on the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. All studies involved direct interactions between pharmacists and patients or physicians, and data were primarily collected from hospital electronic records. Pooled analysis demonstrated that pharmacist interventions significantly improved the rational use of anti-ulcer medications (OR: 4.5; 95% CI: 0.97 to 20.80; I2 = 89%, P = 0.05), as reported by studies. Pharmacist interventions have a significant impact on improving rational drug use, reducing costs and treatment duration, and enhancing appropriate medication use. These interventions also positively influenced medication adherence and the correction of irrational drug use.药师在制定药物治疗方案、开展临床评估以及实施药物监测工作中扮演着不可或缺的核心角色。其主导的干预举措可有效防范用药差错与药品不良事件，全面提升用药安全性。本研究旨在系统评估药师主导的干预措施，用于管理接受抗溃疡治疗患者的用药相关问题。研究采用系统评价与荟萃分析（meta-analysis）的研究设计，检索了4个数据库中1904年至2024年6月发表的相关研究文献。最终纳入9项研究，其中包括4项回顾性研究、3项病例对照研究、1项混合方法研究以及1项前瞻性前后对照研究，共纳入34099名研究对象。研究对象的平均年龄为61岁，男性占比50.23%。纳入研究的整体质量较高，基于改良纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, NOS）的平均得分为6.22/7。所有研究均涉及药师与患者或医师的直接互动，研究数据主要来源于医院电子病历系统。合并分析结果显示，如各研究报道所示，药师干预可显著提升抗溃疡药物的合理使用水平（比值比OR=4.5；95%置信区间CI：0.97~20.80；I²=89%，P=0.05）。药师干预措施在提升合理用药水平、降低治疗成本与缩短治疗时长、优化用药方案方面均具有显著效果；同时，该类干预对提高患者用药依从性以及纠正不合理用药行为亦产生了积极影响。