Heel prick test: maternal-fetal conditions that may have an effect on the test results in newborns admitted to the intensive care unit

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the characteristics of the heel prick test in newborns admitted to the intensive care unit of a university hospital as well as to determine whether maternal and fetal conditions could have affected the results of this test. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study with a quantitative approach that evaluated 240 medical records. The data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis. Results: There was a predominance of pregnant women aged 20 to 34 years who had a complete secondary education and who had more than six prenatal care visits. Maternal complications or pathologies occurred in 60% of the mothers, and most (67.5%) did not present any condition that could have affected the heel prick test results. Most newborns were premature and exhibited low birth weight. Approximately 90% of newborns exhibited conditions that could have influenced the test, especially prematurity, parenteral nutrition and blood transfusion. Of the 240 newborns, 25% had abnormal heel prick test results, especially for cystic fibrosis and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Conclusion: There are maternal and neonatal conditions that can affect heel prick test results, and therefore, their investigation is essential, aiming to guide measures that promote mother and child health and consolidate neonatal screening in this population.

摘要
研究目的：描述某大学医院重症监护病房（intensive care unit）收治新生儿的足跟血筛查试验（heel prick test）特征，并探究母体与胎儿状态是否会对该试验结果产生影响。
研究方法：本研究为采用定量研究方法的回顾性纵向研究，共纳入240份病历。收集的数据采用描述性统计分析（descriptive statistical analysis）方法进行分析。
研究结果：年龄介于20~34岁、完成中等教育且产前检查次数超过6次的孕妇占多数。60%的孕妇存在产科并发症或基础疾病，但其中大多数（67.5%）未出现可能影响足跟血筛查试验结果的异常状况。多数新生儿为早产儿且出生体重偏低。约90%的新生儿存在可影响该试验结果的状况，尤以早产、肠外营养及输血最为常见。240例新生儿中，25%的足跟血筛查试验结果异常，其中以囊性纤维化和先天性肾上腺皮质增生症居多。
研究结论：母体与新生儿的多项状况均可对足跟血筛查试验结果产生影响，因此对相关影响因素开展排查至关重要，旨在制定促进母婴健康的干预措施，并完善该人群的新生儿筛查工作。