Geometrical parameters of the developed antenna.

With refinements in electromagnetics, diverse medical applications have evolved to detect diseases efficaciously. Breast cancer, a dominant cause of mortality among women worldwide, necessitates early diagnosis and screening for timely medical intervention. This research establishes the design, simulation, and analysis of an advanced triangular slotted circular flexible Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna optimized for breast cancer detection and healthcare monitoring. The proposed antenna employs an extensive frequency range of 2.95 GHz to 24.2 GHz, accomplishing an impressive impedance bandwidth of 156%. It authenticates directional and omnidirectional radiation patterns with compact dimensions of 46.3 × 52.6 × 1.076 mm³. Key aspects divulge a resonance frequency at 14.35 GHz with a significant input reflection coefficient of −37.8 dB. The antenna achieves a peak gain of 3.16 dB at 5.8 GHz, with efficiencies of 59.56% and 66.88% at 5.8 GHz and 4.48 GHz, respectively. A meticulous case study involving SAR evaluation confirms the antenna’s safe exposure levels. For a flat human phantom, SAR values are 0.774 W/kg at 13.5 GHz and 0.712 W/kg at 14.35 GHz for 10 gm of tissue. For the breast phantom model, SAR values are 0.201 W/kg at 11.4 GHz and 0.152 W/kg at 14.35 GHz for 10 gm of tissue. Besides that, the antenna’s flexible design promises an excellent execution under several bending conditions, making it ideal for wearable applications. These findings establish the antenna as an efficient solution for breast cancer detection and healthcare monitoring, combining safety, flexibility, and the aptness to ameliorate early diagnosis while lowering mortality rates. Wearable antennas are pivotal for advanced healthcare applications. This section presents the literature and discusses the work related to flexible UWB antenna designed for breast cancer detection and healthcare monitoring, tackling challenges in early diagnosis and patient care.

随着电磁学领域的持续精进，各类可高效检测疾病的医疗应用应运而生。乳腺癌作为全球女性死亡的主要诱因之一，亟需通过早期诊断与筛查实现及时的临床干预。
本研究完成了一款面向乳腺癌检测与医疗监测的高性能开槽三角圆形柔性超宽带（Ultra-wideband, UWB）天线的设计、仿真与分析工作。所提出的天线工作频段覆盖2.95 GHz至24.2 GHz，实现了高达156%的出色阻抗带宽。该天线兼具定向与全向辐射方向图，尺寸紧凑，仅为46.3 × 52.6 × 1.076 mm³。
核心性能参数显示，其在14.35 GHz处存在谐振频率，输入反射系数低至-37.8 dB。该天线在5.8 GHz处峰值增益可达3.16 dB，在5.8 GHz与4.48 GHz处的辐射效率分别为59.56%与66.88%。
一项包含比吸收率（Specific Absorption Rate, SAR）评估的精细案例研究证实了该天线的安全辐射暴露水平：针对扁平人体仿体，在10克组织的评估标准下，其SAR值在13.5 GHz处为0.774 W/kg，14.35 GHz处为0.712 W/kg；针对乳房仿体模型，在10克组织的评估标准下，其SAR值在11.4 GHz处为0.201 W/kg，14.35 GHz处为0.152 W/kg。
此外，该天线采用柔性设计，在多种弯曲工况下均能保持优异性能，非常适合可穿戴应用场景。
上述研究结果表明，这款天线兼顾安全性与柔性，能够有效提升早期诊断效率并降低死亡率，是乳腺癌检测与医疗监测的高效解决方案。
可穿戴天线是先进医疗应用的核心组件。
本节将梳理相关文献，讨论面向乳腺癌检测与医疗监测的柔性UWB天线相关研究工作，剖析早期诊断与患者护理领域现存的挑战。