OGRANICZENIA I SZANSE ROZWOJU GOSPODARSTW ROLNYCH Z REGIONU WARMII I MAZUR W KONTEKŚCIE ZMIAN WSPÓLNEJ POLITYKI ROLNEJ UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ

The main objective of the research was to diagnose the conditions for the development of farms implementing production in the conventional and ecological system, in the conditions set out in the Strategic Plan for the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) after 2023. In the study were used data obtained in direct surveys conducted in 2022 among the owners of farms from the region of Warmia and Mazury. 165 owners of conventional farms and 158 owners of organic farms participated in the research. The surveyed farm owners, despite a skeptical attitude towards solutions regarding the European Green Deal (EGD), lack of acceptance of the implementation of selected assumptions of this policy, e.g. restrictions on the use of mineral fertilizers and eco-schemes, were in favor of functioning within the EU structures. As a threat to the development of agriculture, leaving the EU structures or resigning from using EU funds were indicated. The contemporary geopolitical situation, restrictions on the import and export of raw materials to Ukraine and the lack of stability on many markets were also indicated as a potential limitation of development. The main potential opportunities for the development of agriculture in Poland, in the opinion of the surveyed owners of farms operating under the conventional production system, are the conditions created for small and medium-sized farms and the increase in demand for agricultural services. In the opinion of the owners of farms implementing production under ecological systems, the assumptions of the new CAP and the EGD may be an opportunity to strengthen the profitability of these entities and to search for alternative sources of income.

本研究的核心目标为，在2023年后欧盟共同农业政策（Common Agricultural Policy, CAP）战略规划所设定的框架内，诊断采用传统生产体系与生态生产体系的农场的发展条件。本研究采用了2022年针对瓦尔米亚-马祖里地区农场主开展的直接调研所获取的数据，共有165名传统农场主与158名有机农场主参与本次调研。尽管受访农场主对欧盟绿色协议（European Green Deal, EGD）相关举措持怀疑态度，且不认可该政策的部分既定实施前提——例如限制矿物肥料使用与生态计划，但他们仍支持在欧盟架构内开展运营。受访对象将退出欧盟架构或放弃使用欧盟资金列为农业发展面临的主要威胁，当前地缘政治局势、乌克兰原材料进出口限制以及诸多市场的不稳定态势，也被视作农业发展的潜在制约因素。据采用传统生产体系的受访农场主观点，波兰农业发展的主要潜在机遇在于为中小规模农场创设的发展条件，以及农业服务需求的提升；而采用生态生产体系的农场主则认为，新版共同农业政策与欧盟绿色协议的相关要求，或将成为提升这类经营主体盈利能力、并探索替代性收入来源的契机。