Research compendium for 'A pre-Campanian Ignimbrite techno-cultural shift in the Aurignacian sequence of Grotta di Castelcivita, southern Italy'

Research compendium for 'A pre-Campanian Ignimbrite techno-cultural shift in the Aurignacian sequence of Grotta di Castelcivita, southern Italy' Compendium DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10639552 The content available at the above provided URL will reproduce the results as documented in the first paper's submission. Instead, the files hosted at https://github.com/ArmandoFalcucci/Castelcivita-Aur-Techno represent the developmental versions and might have undergone modifications since the paper's publication. Maintainer of this repository: Armando Falcucci ([e-mail]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3255-1005) Published paper: Armando Falcucci, Simona Arrighi, Vincenzo Spagnolo, Matteo Rossini, Owen Higgins, Brunella Muttillo, Ivan Martini, Jacopo Crezzini, Francesco Boschin, Annamaria Ronchitelli, Adriana Moroni. A pre-Campanian Ignimbrite techno-cultural shift in the Aurignacian sequence of Grotta di Castelcivita, southern Italy. Scientific Reports, 14: 12783. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-59896-6 (2024) Abstract: The Aurignacian is the first European technocomplex assigned to Homo sapiens recognized across a wide geographic extent. Although archaeologists have identified marked chrono-cultural shifts within the Aurignacian mostly by examining the techno-typological variations of stone and osseous tools, unraveling the underlying processes driving these changes remains a significant scientific challenge. Scholars have, for instance, hypothesized that the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) super-eruption and the climatic deterioration associated with the onset of Heinrich Event 4 had a substantial impact on European foraging groups. The technological shift from the Protoaurignacian to the Early Aurignacian is regarded as an archaeological manifestation of adaptation to changing environments. However, some of the most crucial regions and stratigraphic sequences for testing these scenarios have been overlooked. In this study, we delve into the high-resolution stratigraphic sequence of Grotta di Castelcivita in southern Italy. Here, the Uluzzian is followed by three Aurignacian layers, sealed by the eruptive units of the CI. Employing a comprehensive range of quantitative methods—encompassing attribute analysis, 3D model analysis, and geometric morphometrics—we demonstrate that the key technological feature commonly associated with the Early Aurignacian developed well before the deposition of the CI tephra. Our study provides thus the first direct evidence that the volcanic super-eruption played no role in this cultural process. Furthermore, we show that local paleo-environmental proxies do not correlate with the identified patterns of cultural continuity and discontinuity. Consequently, we propose alternative research paths to explore the role of demography and regional trajectories in the development of the Upper Paleolithic. Keywords: Early Upper Paleolithic; Italy; Aurignacian; lithic technology; geometric morphometrics; 3D model analysis; cultural evolution; human-environment interaction; open science. Overview of contents and how to reproduce: Within this repository, various folders house data (data), code (script), and output files (output) pertinent to the paper. The data folder encompasses the complete dataset, the core dataset, and 2D outline coordinates utilized for the geometric morphometrics study. To replicate the results, download the entire repository and employ Castelcivita-Aur-Techno.Rproj and open the folder script, following the numbered folder structure. For ensuring reproducibility, the renv package (v. 1.0.3) was utilized, following the procedures detailed in its vignette. All analyses and visualizations in the paper were conducted using R 4.3.1 on Microsoft Windows 10.0.19045 (64-bit). As the necessary packages are available in the renv folder, they are not explicitly listed here. Licenses: Code: MIT (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT), copyright holder: Armando Falcucci (2024). Data and intellectual work: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), copyright holder: the authors (2024).《意大利南部卡斯泰尔奇维塔洞穴奥瑞纳文化（Aurignacian）序列中坎帕尼亚火山灰流（Campanian Ignimbrite，简称CI）喷发前的技术文化转变》配套研究数据集 数据集DOI：https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10639552 上述链接中的内容可复现论文投稿时记录的研究结果；而托管于https://github.com/ArmandoFalcucci/Castelcivita-Aur-Techno的文件为开发版本，可能在论文发表后经过了修改。 本仓库维护者：阿曼多·法尔库奇（Armando Falcucci）（邮箱：[e-mail]；ORCID：https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3255-1005） 已发表论文：阿曼多·法尔库奇、西蒙娜·阿里吉、温琴佐·斯帕尼奥洛、马泰奥·罗西尼、欧文·希金斯、布鲁内拉·穆蒂略、伊万·马蒂尼、雅各布·克雷齐尼、弗朗切斯科·博斯基恩、安娜玛丽亚·隆基泰利、阿德里亚娜·莫罗尼。意大利南部卡斯泰尔奇维塔洞穴奥瑞纳文化序列中坎帕尼亚火山灰流喷发前的技术文化转变. 《科学报告（Scientific Reports）》，14: 12783. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59896-6 (2024) 摘要：奥瑞纳文化是首个在广阔地理范围内被认定属于智人（Homo sapiens）的欧洲技术复合体。尽管考古学家主要通过分析石器与骨器的技术-类型学变异，识别出奥瑞纳文化内部存在显著的年代文化转变，但阐明推动这些变化的内在机制仍是一项重大科学难题。例如，有学者提出假说：坎帕尼亚火山灰流超级喷发，以及伴随海因里希事件4（Heinrich Event 4）发生的气候恶化，对欧洲觅食群体产生了重大影响。从原奥瑞纳文化（Protoaurignacian）到早期奥瑞纳文化的技术转变，被视为适应环境变化的考古学表现。然而，用于验证这些假说的部分关键区域与地层序列仍未得到充分研究。本研究聚焦意大利南部卡斯泰尔奇维塔洞穴的高分辨率地层序列：该遗址的地层中，乌鲁兹安文化（Uluzzian）层之上发育有三层奥瑞纳文化层，顶部被坎帕尼亚火山灰流的喷发堆积物所覆盖。本研究采用涵盖属性分析、三维模型分析与几何形态测量学（geometric morphometrics）在内的多种定量方法，结果表明：通常被认定为早期奥瑞纳文化标志性技术特征的元素，早在坎帕尼亚火山灰流火山碎屑沉积之前就已出现。因此，本研究首次提供了直接证据，证明此次超级火山喷发并未参与这一文化演化过程。此外，本研究还发现，当地的古环境代用指标与已识别的文化连续性与非连续性模式并无关联。据此，我们提出了新的研究方向，以探索人口统计学与区域发展轨迹在旧石器时代晚期（Upper Paleolithic）演化中的作用。 关键词：旧石器时代晚期早期；意大利；奥瑞纳文化；石器技术；几何形态测量学；三维模型分析；文化演化；人地交互；开放科学 内容概览与结果复现方法：本仓库包含与论文相关的三类文件夹：数据文件夹（data）、代码文件夹（script）与结果输出文件夹（output）。其中数据文件夹涵盖完整数据集、核心数据集以及用于几何形态测量学研究的二维轮廓坐标文件。若需复现研究结果，请下载整个仓库，打开`Castelcivita-Aur-Techno.Rproj`并进入script文件夹，按照编号文件夹的顺序进行操作。为确保结果可复现，本研究使用了`renv`包（v.1.0.3），并遵循其文档中的操作流程。论文中的所有分析与可视化均基于R 4.3.1版本在Microsoft Windows 10.0.19045（64位）系统上完成。由于所需依赖包已存放于renv文件夹中，此处不再单独列出。 授权协议：代码采用MIT协议（http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT），版权所有者：阿曼多·法尔库奇（2024）。数据与智力成果采用知识共享署名4.0国际许可协议（http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/），版权所有者：本文作者（2024）。