Contributions by the experts.

In energy systems’ economic models, people’s behaviour is often underestimated, and they are generally unaware of how habits impact energy efficiency. Improving efficiency is challenging, and recommendations alone may not be sufficient. Changing behaviour requires understanding the direct impact of needs and habits on energy efficiency. This research introduces a methodology that retrieves human expert knowledge from four key aspects of the current energy transition: everyday appliances, buildings, mobility, flexibility, and energy efficiency. The aim is to examine the causal relationship between energy consumption and human behaviour, gaining a deeper understanding of the links among the factors that drive final energy consumers to change habits through the adoption of energy-saving measures. Working in collaboration with expert panels, this study provides a methodology for extracting expert human knowledge based on a set of future energy transition scenarios aligned with the achievement of the Paris Agreement, a taxonomy of 32 factors that have a strong influence on households’ investment decisions, and the results of a survey that characterises the European population through the 32-factor taxonomy and some socioeconomic conditions. In addition, the survey included a sample of the Latin American population to analyse how socioeconomic conditions (region, education, gender, etc.) influence the prioritisation of these factors. We discuss the high priority given to competence and autonomy over financial factors by inhabitants of the European Union residential sector. We provide an analysis of the factors through which other similar projects are focused and on which we converge. In addition, we contribute by presenting the hierarchy of priorities assigned by people. This highlights the importance for policymakers to take these aspects seriously when implementing energy policy interventions that go beyond purely financial measures and fiscal incentives.在能源系统经济模型中，人类行为常被低估，且人们普遍未意识到习惯对能源效率的影响。提升能源效率颇具挑战，仅靠建议往往不足以达成目标；若要改变行为，需先明晰需求与习惯对能源效率的直接作用机制。本研究提出一套方法论，可从当前能源转型的四大核心维度——日常家电、建筑、出行、灵活性与能源效率——中提取人类专家知识，旨在探究能源消费与人类行为间的因果关系，深入理解驱动终端能源消费者通过采用节能措施改变习惯的各类因素间的关联。本研究联合专家小组，基于一系列契合《巴黎协定（Paris Agreement）》目标的未来能源转型场景、一套对家庭投资决策具有显著影响的32项影响因素分类体系，以及通过该32项因素分类与部分社会经济条件刻画欧洲人口特征的调研结果，构建了人类专家知识提取方法。此外，本次调研还纳入拉丁美洲人口样本，以分析社会经济条件（地区、教育程度、性别等）如何影响人们对这些因素的优先级排序。本研究探讨了欧盟住宅领域居民将能力与自主性置于金融因素之上的高优先级倾向，并对其他同类项目所聚焦且本研究与之契合的各类影响因素展开分析。此外，本研究还创新性地提出了民众赋予的优先级层级体系，这凸显了政策制定者在实施超越纯金融手段与财政激励的能源政策干预措施时，需重视上述因素的重要性。