Supplementary Material for Review.docx

<b>Background: </b>Considering the adverse effects of marketed drugs, we isolated and analyzed topical fish oil (FO) in this study for the first time and examined its effect on obesity. Topse, scientifically known as <i>Polynemus paradiseus</i>, is a common fish species found in the maritime environment of the West Bengal region.<b>Aim: </b>To explore the role of marine <i>P. paradiseus</i> FO in alleviating obesity-related metabolic disorders <i>in vivo</i> model.<b>Methods: </b>Twenty-four male albino BALB/c mice with a standard body weight of 18.2 ± 2.1 g were taken and randomly divided into four groups: control group (C), normal chow feeding; obese control (OC), high fat diet (HFD) feeding; Treatment I (T-I) and Treatment II (T-II) group received 20mg and 40mg crude oil /100 g body weight / day by gavage along with HFD. Here, we examined the effects of <i>P. paradiseus</i> oil on white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, lipid profiles, blood glucose, and adipokine expression levels in the OC group compared to the treated groups to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of FO.<b>Results: </b>Compared to the HFD-induced OC group, the treated obese mice group (T-I and T-II) showed a significant reduction in body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and serum lipid profiles following the application of FO. The FO-treated HFD-induced obese mice group showed a moderate reduction in obesity and inflammatory-related adipocytokines compared to the OC group.<b>Conclusion:</b><b> </b>Topse FO was enhanced with a large amount of essential fatty acids (FAs) and it might be administered as a dietary supplement to prevent obesity.

背景：鉴于市售药物存在诸多不良反应，本研究首次分离并分析了当地产鱼油（fish oil, FO），并探究其对肥胖的干预作用。Topse（学名：*Polynemus paradiseus*）是西孟加拉邦沿海海域常见的鱼类物种。目的：本研究旨在探究海洋来源的*P. paradiseus*鱼油在体内（in vivo）实验模型中缓解肥胖相关代谢紊乱的作用。方法：选取体质量为18.2±2.1g的健康雄性白化BALB/c小鼠24只，随机分为4组：对照组（C），给予普通基础饲料喂养；肥胖对照组（OC），予以高脂膳食（high fat diet, HFD）造模；治疗组I（T-I）与治疗组II（T-II）在饲喂高脂膳食的同时，分别以20mg/100g体质量/日、40mg/100g体质量/日的剂量经口灌胃给予粗提鱼油。为评估该鱼油的抗肥胖活性，本研究对比分析了肥胖对照组与治疗组小鼠的白色脂肪组织（white adipose tissue, WAT）质量、血清血脂谱、血糖水平及脂肪因子表达水平。结果：与高脂膳食诱导的肥胖对照组相比，经鱼油干预的肥胖小鼠（T-I、T-II组）体质量、体质量指数（Body Mass Index, BMI）及血清血脂谱均显著降低。相较于肥胖对照组，鱼油干预组的肥胖相关及炎症相关脂肪细胞因子水平亦呈中度下调。结论：Topse鱼油富含大量必需脂肪酸（essential fatty acids, FAs），有望作为膳食补充剂用于肥胖的预防。