Natural Law at the University of Pisa: From the Ius civile Teachings to the Establishment of the First Chair of Ius publicum in 1726

This chapter describes the process of institutionalization of natural law at the University of Pisa, essential to interpreting the conditions in which the first public law chair of Italy was founded. The study of legal education in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century will allow a more in-depth understanding of both the development of natural law in teaching practice throughout the long eighteenth century, and the features of the two processes of reception, respectively for educational and political purposes. In fact, although both processes were founded on appreciation of the centrality of Roman law and philosophy in the construction of doctrines by the so-called ‘modern natural law school’, and developed through mediation of traditional Roman legal culture of the Pisan ‘historical-critical school’, there were some differences. In this initial phase, the didactic reception was indirect, although not entirely implicit, whereas the political reception was direct and explicit.

本章阐述了比萨大学（University of Pisa）自然法的制度化进程，这一进程对于阐释意大利首个公法教席设立的历史语境至关重要。对17世纪末至18世纪初法学教育的研究，将有助于更深入地理解两方面内容：一是自然法在整个漫长18世纪的教学实践中的发展脉络；二是分别出于教育与政治目的的两种继受进程的特征。事实上，尽管两种继受进程均以认可罗马法与哲学在所谓"现代自然法学派"构建法学教义过程中的核心地位为基础，并通过比萨"历史批判学派"（historical-critical school）的传统罗马法律文化作为中介得以发展，但二者仍存在若干差异。在这一初始阶段，教育领域的继受虽非完全隐性，却以间接方式展开；而政治领域的继受则直接且明确。