MINERAL NUTRITION IN THE TREE Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (Calophyllaceae)1

ABSTRACT Riparian and gallery forests located at the “arc of deforestation” have been undergoing fast degradation. With the implementation of the new Brazilian Forest Code (Law 12,651 of 2012), these can be reduced further. Thus, new studies on seedling production for ecological restoration should be carried out using native species from the Amazon and Cerrado. The objective of the present study was to assess under which shading levels the seedlings of Calophyllum brasiliense, a tree species typical of humid environments, show the highest values of growth and nutrient use efficiency, aiming at using these seedlings for restoration. The study was carried out in a plant nursery of the State University of Mato Grosso in Nova Xavantina, Brazil. We assessed seedling growth in diameter, height, number of leaves, production of shoot and root dry mass, Dickson quality index (DQI), and efficiency in the internal use of nutrients (EIUN) in greenhouses at 0 (full sunlight), 30, 50, 70, and 90% shading. The treatments at 50 and 70% shading showed the best results. Ecologically, the species responds well under both gap conditions (50% shading) and canopy or closing gap conditions (70% shading). Our results showed that the ideal conditions to produce seedlings of this species with high EIUN are obtained in greenhouses with 70% shading.

摘要：位于"森林砍伐弧带"的河岸林与廊道林正经历快速退化。随着2012年第12651号法案《巴西森林法》的实施，此类林分的面积可能进一步缩减。因此，亟需依托亚马逊与塞拉多本土树种，开展生态修复用苗木培育的相关研究。本研究旨在探究湿润生境典型树种巴西红厚壳（Calophyllum brasiliense）的幼苗在何种遮阴梯度下，可实现最优的生长表现与养分利用效率，为该树种的修复用苗木培育提供技术支撑。本试验于巴西新沙万蒂纳市马托格罗索州立大学苗圃内开展，设置0%（全光照）、30%、50%、70%、90%共5个遮阴梯度，对温室培育的幼苗的地径、株高、叶片数、地上与地下干物质产量、迪克森质量指数（Dickson Quality Index, DQI）以及养分内部利用效率（Internal Use of Nutrients, EIUN）进行了测定。结果表明，50%与70%遮阴处理组的试验表现最优。从生态学特性来看，该树种在林隙生境（50%遮阴）与林冠或林隙闭合生境（70%遮阴）下均能良好生长。本研究结果证实，培育具备高养分内部利用效率的该树种苗木的最优环境为70%遮阴的温室条件。