Warming and irradiance Measurement (WARM) buoys deployed in Canada Basin and Chukchi Shelf, Arctic Ocean, 2019

The Warming and irradiance Measurement (WARM) buoy collects measurements of light, temperature, salinity and phytoplankton abundance under the Arctic sea ice. The Arctic ice pack has suffered continued thinning and reduction in seasonal extent, resulting in changes to the amount of sunlight penetrating through the ice and into the ocean beneath, having consequences for the physical and biological environment. Sunlight absorbed by the ocean under the ice causes warming, which can lead to accelerated ice melt resulting in even more sunlight reaching the ocean. In addition, warmer water also affects living organisms, influencing the ability of Arctic adapted species to survive, and possibly promoting the northward advancement of sub-Arctic species. Thinner ice also increases light available for photosynthesis, affecting the timing of phytoplankton blooms. If phytoplankton growth occurs early in the season then zooplankton, the organisms that feed on them can miss the bloom with consequences for the entire food web of the Arctic. This project aims to provide observations to help determine how the under-ice environment is changing by using autonomous buoys which overcome the limitations of ship-based observations. The buoys have proven to be very robust and can survive for approximately one year, providing hourly observations which will be available in near-real time to the research community and interested public parties. The buoys will be deployed in early spring in the western Beaufort Sea, with anticipated drift west over the Chukchi Shelf. This dataset includes data from an ice-tethered buoy deployed on Arctic sea ice in March 2019. Data measured include, Photosynthetically available radiation, temperature, and chlorophyll. A sidekick was deployed coincidently with the buoy and measured surface Photosynthetically available radiation

增温与辐照度测量（WARM）浮标可采集北极海冰下方的光照、水温、盐度及浮游植物丰度数据。北极海冰覆盖区持续变薄、季节性范围缩减，导致穿透海冰进入下方海洋的太阳光量发生变化，进而对物理与生物环境造成影响。海冰下方海洋吸收的太阳光会引发海水增温，进而加速海冰融化，使得更多太阳光能够抵达海洋。此外，水温升高还会影响海洋生物：一方面会削弱适应北极环境的物种的生存能力，另一方面可能推动亚北极物种向北极海域北迁。海冰变薄同样会增加可用于浮游植物光合作用的光照量，进而改变浮游植物水华的发生时间。若浮游植物提前在季节初期完成增殖，那么以其为食的浮游动物将无法赶上水华高峰期，这会对北极整个食物网产生连锁影响。本项目旨在通过部署自主浮标——这类浮标可克服船基观测的局限性——获取观测数据，以助力解析北极海冰下方环境的变化趋势。该浮标已被证实具有极强的可靠性，可连续运行约一年，每小时采集一次观测数据，且这些数据将以近实时的方式向科研界及关注相关研究的公众开放。浮标将于早春时节部署在波弗特海西部海域，预计将随海冰向西漂移穿过楚科奇大陆架。本数据集包含2019年3月部署于北极海冰的系泊冰上浮标采集的数据，所测参数包括光合有效辐射（Photosynthetically available radiation）、水温与叶绿素含量。与该浮标同步部署的配套观测装置负责采集海表光合有效辐射数据。