Typology of academic disciplines in the Modern China Biographical Database

This table presents the bilingual typology of academic disciplines used in the Modern China Biographical Database. It is based mainly on the typology created by Yuan T'ung-li in his three bibliographical volumes about the doctoral dissertations by Chinese students in the United States, the United Kingdom, and continental Europe. We adapted this typology to include other disciplines that were present in historical sources.

Dataset Description: Typology of Disciplines (Level 2)

Overview: This dataset provides a bilingual typology of academic disciplines, specifically focusing on Level 2 classifications. The terms are extracted from various Chinese sources, with English translations provided. It is structured hierarchically, connecting each Level 2 discipline to broader categories (Level 1 and Level 0), facilitating multilingual academic classification.

Structure: The dataset consists of the following key columns:

Level 2 Discipline (English & Chinese): The specific sub-discipline classification.

Level 1 Discipline (English & Chinese): A broader category that groups multiple Level 2 disciplines.

Level 0 Discipline (English & Chinese): The highest-level classification representing major academic domains.

Level 1 Code: A numerical or coded identifier for Level 1 disciplines, supporting structured data processing.

Purpose & Applications:

Hierarchical Classification: Enables structured categorization of academic fields across multiple levels.

Multilingual Standardization: Supports bilingual terminology consistency in academic and research contexts.

Main sources:

Yuan, T’ung-li. A Guide to Doctoral Dissertations by Chinese Students in America, 1905-1960. Washington, D.C.: Published under the auspices of the Sino-American Cultural Society, 1961.

———. A Guide to Doctoral Dissertations by Chinese Students in Continental Europe, 1907-1962. S.l., 1964.

———. Doctoral dissertations by Chinese students in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1916-1961. Uden sted og forlag, 1963.

本表格展示了**近代中国人物传记数据库（Modern China Biographical Database）**所采用的学术学科双语分类体系。该体系主要依托袁同礼（Yuan T'ung-li）的三部目录学著作构建，其原始素材涵盖1905至1960年间留美、留英及欧洲大陆中国留学生的博士学位论文。我们对该分类体系进行了适配扩充，纳入了历史文献中出现的其他学科门类。

数据集说明：学科分类体系（二级）

概述：本数据集提供学术学科双语分类体系，核心聚焦于二级分类类目。所有术语均采自各类中文文献，并配套标准英文译法。数据集采用层级化结构，将每个二级学科与其所属的一级、0级上位大类进行关联，可为多语言学术分类工作提供支撑。

数据集结构：本数据集包含以下核心字段：
1. 二级学科（英文/中文）：具体的二级学科分类类目
2. 一级学科（英文/中文）：涵盖多个二级学科的上位大类
3. 0级学科（英文/中文）：代表主要学术领域的最高层级分类
4. 一级学科代码：一级学科的数字或编码标识符，用于支撑结构化数据处理

用途与应用场景：
- 层级化分类：支持多层级学术领域的结构化归类与组织
- 多语言标准化：保障学术与科研场景中双语术语的一致性与规范性

主要参考文献：
1. 袁同礼. 1905-1960年留美中国学生博士学位论文指南[M]. 华盛顿特区：中美文化学会（Sino-American Cultural Society）主办出版，1961.
2. ———. 1907-1962年留欧大陆中国学生博士学位论文指南[M]. 出版地不详：1964.
3. ———. 1916-1961年留英及北爱尔兰中国学生博士学位论文[M]. 出版地及出版社不详，1963.