PERCEPTION OF HARASSMENT AMONG FEMALE SURGEONS

ABSTRACT Introduction: the attraction of women by Surgery has always existed. Although Surgery has been considered a specialty for men, several women chose it, despite gender bias issues that have persisted over many years. Several obstacles have impacted the practice of women surgeons, leading them to abandon the profession, while others, perhaps bearers of a stronger spirit, managed to overcome them, and won. Objective: to assess the rates of perception of harassment against female surgeons as a cause of difficulty and negative feelings related to the specialty. Methods: we conducted a quantitative and qualitative (personal accounts) research through a questionnaire via Google Forms® sent to all women surgeons registered in the Brazilian College of Surgeons and in a WhatsApp women surgeons’ groups. The qualitative analysis was made with the Wordle® app. Results: from 821 questionnaires sent, we obtained 232 responses (28.2%). Harassment perception during training was 49.1% (n=114). From the women surgeons who perceived harassment, 56.1% reported having undergone different training than expected, with statistical significance (p<0.001). The question of having been treated differently due to being a woman also had an impact on harassment perception (77.2% harassed vs 47.5%; p<0.001). Physical (42.1% vs 6.8%) and emotional (92.1% vs 39.8%) threats were also different between groups. Conclusion: women surgeons still report great harassment perception, both moral and sexual, which impacts their feelings about the specialty.

摘要
引言：外科领域对女性的吸引力始终存在。尽管长期以来外科被视作男性主导的专科，且多年来性别偏见问题持续存在，但仍有诸多女性选择投身外科行业。多重障碍阻碍了女性外科医师的执业发展，致使部分人放弃该职业；而另一些意志更为坚韧的从业者则成功克服障碍，最终在该领域站稳脚跟。
研究目的：评估女性外科医师所感知到的职场骚扰发生率，并分析其作为该专科从业困境与负面情绪产生诱因的影响。
研究方法：本研究采用定量与定性（个人叙事）相结合的研究方法，通过谷歌表单（Google Forms®）设计问卷，向巴西外科医师学院（Brazilian College of Surgeons）注册的全体女性外科医师以及女性外科医师WhatsApp群组发放问卷。定性分析采用沃德勒（Wordle®）应用完成。
研究结果：本次共发放问卷821份，回收有效问卷232份，有效回收率为28.2%。其中49.1%（n=114）的受访者在外科培训期间曾感知到职场骚扰。在感知到骚扰的女性外科医师中，56.1%称自己接受的培训与预期不符，该差异具有统计学意义（p<0.001）。因性别遭受区别对待的情况同样与骚扰感知存在显著关联：曾遭遇骚扰的受访者中77.2%报告曾受区别对待，而未感知骚扰的群体中该比例仅为47.5%（p<0.001）。两组在身体威胁（42.1% vs 6.8%）与情感威胁（92.1% vs 39.8%）的发生率上同样存在显著差异。
研究结论：女性外科医师仍普遍报告存在大量职场言语骚扰与性骚扰情况，这对她们对该专科的从业感受造成了显著负面影响。