IMPORTANCE OF CROP PRODUCTIVITY AND EQUIPMENT LIFETIME IN THE STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF SUGARCANE HARVESTERS

ABSTRACT Recently, Brazilian agriculture and the mechanization process have been improved and developed, particularly in sugarcane cultivation. The developed processes should adopt suitable management practices in terms of the technical, economic, and operational logistical aspects. As a management tool, the present study aimed to measure the impact of the accumulated use of harvesters (life in h) and agricultural productivity (Mg · ha−1) on the harvesting operational capacity (HOC). Mathematical modeling was performed on data obtained from eight sugarcane production units, and equations corresponding to the HOC as a function of the harvester's life and the crop agricultural productivity were developed. The equation that best represented the phenomenon was selected. The values of the HOC depend on operational conditions and range from (17 to 44) Mg · h−1, thereby demonstrating significant operational and economic discrepancies. When the mean life of the harvester was 10,000 h and the mean productivity of the cane field was 80.0 Mg · ha−1, an HOC of 31.7 Mg · h−1 was obtained. It was found that agricultural productivity is directly proportional to the HOC, whereas the harvester's life is inversely proportional to the HOC; the parameters are not linear in both cases.

摘要 近年来，巴西农业及其机械化进程不断发展完善，其中甘蔗种植领域的发展尤为突出。针对此类成熟的生产流程，需从技术、经济与运营物流维度采用适配的管理方案。本研究以管理工具为研究载体，旨在探究收割机累计作业时长（以小时计）与农业生产力（单位：Mg·ha⁻¹）对收获作业能力（Harvesting Operational Capacity，HOC）的影响。研究基于8个甘蔗生产单元的采集数据开展数学建模，构建了以收割机作业时长与作物农业生产力为自变量的收获作业能力拟合方程，并选取表征该现象效果最优的方程。收获作业能力的取值受作业条件影响，区间为17~44 Mg·h⁻¹，由此可见其在作业与经济层面存在显著差异。当收割机平均作业时长为10000小时、甘蔗田平均生产力为80.0 Mg·ha⁻¹时，收获作业能力取值为31.7 Mg·h⁻¹。研究发现，农业生产力与收获作业能力呈正相关，而收割机累计作业时长则与收获作业能力呈负相关，且二者与收获作业能力的参数关系均不呈线性。