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Background
Nutritional status is an important indicator of health status among adults. However, to date, there exists scanty information on the nutritional status of tribal populations of Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to investigate the nutritional status of tribal (T) and non-tribal (NT) adult people living in the rural area of Rajshahi district, Bangladesh.
Methods
A total of 420 (72 T and 348 NT) households were studied. The samples were selected using multistage stratified sampling with proportional allocation. The nutritional status of adults was measured using body mass index (BMI). Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Z-proportional test were utilized for data analysis.
Results
The study revealed that 8.3% and 9.2% of T and NT men were suffering from under nutrition respectively, while the corresponding figures in women were 12.5% and 10.1% respectively. Overall, 11.1% and 27.0% men, and 13.9% and 29.3% women T and NT were over-nourished respectively. The rate of over nutrition among T was significantly (p<0.05) higher than NT for both sexes. The mean weight and BMI of the NT men were significantly (p<0.01) higher than T men. The mean weight, height and BMI of NT women were higher (p<0.05) than T women. ANOVA demonstrated that the variation in BMI among education levels of NT men and the variation among occupation for both ethnicities were significant (p<0.01). The variation in BMI among education levels and occupation of T and NT women were significant (p<0.05), moreover ordinal logistic regression model demonstrated that hygienic toilet facilities and father’s occupation were predictors of nutritional status. The interaction effects of education and occupation, and education and household monthly income on BMI were significant (p<0.01) for T men and both T and NT women (p<0.05).
Conclusions
The prevalence of over-nutrition among NT is higher than T for both sexes. Some socio-economic and demographic factors were found as predictors of malnutrition. At least 12 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) contain indicators that are highly related to nutrition, our findings can help Bangladesh Government for achieving SDGs by 2030. Appropriate nutritional intervention and awareness programmes can be initiated by the Government to ameliorate the burden of malnutrition among adults in the country.

背景
营养状况是评估成人健康状态的重要指标。然而截至目前，关于孟加拉国部落人群营养状况的研究资料仍较为匮乏。本研究旨在调查孟加拉国拉杰沙希地区农村部落族裔（Tribal，以下简称T）与非部落族裔（Non-tribal，以下简称NT）成人的营养状况。

方法
本研究共纳入420户研究家庭，其中部落族裔家庭72户，非部落族裔家庭348户。研究采用按比例分配的多阶段分层抽样法选取研究样本。成人营养状况以体质指数（Body Mass Index，BMI）进行评估。数据分析采用描述性统计、t检验、方差分析（Analysis of Variance，ANOVA）及Z比例检验。

结果
研究结果显示，部落族裔男性与非部落族裔男性的营养不良患病率分别为8.3%与9.2%；女性群体中，对应比例分别为12.5%与10.1%。总体而言，部落族裔男性、非部落族裔男性的营养过剩患病率分别为11.1%与27.0%；部落族裔女性、非部落族裔女性则分别为13.9%与29.3%。无论男性还是女性，部落族裔人群的营养过剩率均显著高于非部落族裔（p<0.05）。非部落族裔男性的平均体重与体质指数均显著高于部落族裔男性（p<0.01）；非部落族裔女性的平均体重、身高及体质指数亦显著高于部落族裔女性（p<0.05）。方差分析结果表明，非部落族裔男性不同教育水平间的体质指数差异，以及两种族裔人群不同职业间的体质指数差异均具有统计学意义（p<0.01）。部落族裔与非部落族裔女性不同教育水平、不同职业间的体质指数差异均具有统计学意义（p<0.05）；此外，有序logistic回归模型显示，卫生厕所设施与父亲职业是营养状况的预测因素。部落族裔男性的教育与职业、教育与家庭月收入交互效应对体质指数均具有统计学意义（p<0.01）；部落族裔与非部落族裔女性的对应交互效应亦显著（p<0.05）。

结论
本研究表明，无论男性还是女性，非部落族裔人群的营养过剩患病率均高于部落族裔。部分社会经济与人口学因素可作为营养不良的预测因素。17项可持续发展目标（Sustainable Development Goals，SDGs）中至少有12项包含与营养高度相关的指标，本研究结果可为孟加拉国政府实现2030年可持续发展目标提供参考依据。该国政府可启动针对性的营养干预与健康宣教项目，以减轻国内成人营养不良的疾病负担。