Dataset for article "Titanium-Doped Diamond-like Carbon Layers as a Promising Coating for Joint Replacements Supporting Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells"

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) layers are known for their high corrosion and wear resistance, low friction, and high biocompatibility. However, it is often necessary to dope DLC layers with additional chemical elements to strengthen their adhesion to the substrate. Ti-DLC layers (doped with 0.4, 2.1, 3.7, 6.6, and 12.8 at.% of Ti) were prepared by dual pulsed laser deposition, and pure DLC, glass, and polystyrene (PS) were used as controls. In vitro cell–material interactions were investigated with an emphasis on cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. We observed slightly increasing roughness and contact angle and decreasing surface free energy on Ti-DLC layers with increasing Ti content. Three-week biological experiments were performed using adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSC) in vitro. The cell proliferation activity was similar or slightly higher on the Ti-doped materials than on glass and PS. Osteogenic cell differentiation on all materials was proved by collagen and osteocalcin production, ALP activity, and Ca deposition. The bmMSCs exhibited greater initial proliferation potential and an earlier onset of osteogenic differentiation than the ADSCs. The ADSCs showed a slightly higher formation of focal adhesions, higher metabolic activity, and Ca deposition with increasing Ti content.

Keywords: titanium; diamond-like carbon layer (DLC); biocompatibility; osteogenic differentiation; adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs); bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bmMSCs)

类金刚石碳（Diamond-like carbon, DLC）涂层以其高耐腐蚀性、耐磨性、低摩擦特性与优异的生物相容性而著称。但为提升其与基底的附着强度，通常需要向DLC涂层中掺杂额外的化学元素。本研究采用双脉冲激光沉积法制备了掺钛量分别为0.4%、2.1%、3.7%、6.6%及12.8%原子百分比的Ti-DLC涂层，并以纯DLC、玻璃与聚苯乙烯（PS）作为对照样本。针对体外细胞-材料相互作用展开研究，重点考察细胞黏附、增殖与成骨分化过程。结果发现，随着钛掺杂量的提升，Ti-DLC涂层的表面粗糙度与接触角小幅升高，而表面自由能则逐渐降低。本研究采用脂肪组织来源干细胞（adipose tissue-derived stem cells, ADSCs）与骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, bmMSCs）开展了为期三周的体外生物学实验。实验结果显示，Ti掺杂涂层上的细胞增殖活性与玻璃、PS对照组相近或略高。通过胶原与骨钙蛋白合成、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性检测以及钙沉积实验，证实所有受试材料均可诱导细胞发生成骨分化。相较于ADSCs，bmMSCs展现出更强的初始增殖能力与更早的成骨分化启动时间。随着钛掺杂量的增加，ADSCs的黏着斑形成量、代谢活性与钙沉积量均呈小幅上升趋势。

关键词：钛；类金刚石碳涂层（DLC）；生物相容性；成骨分化；脂肪组织来源干细胞（ADSCs）；骨髓间充质干细胞（bmMSCs）