UBAI Catalog of Hemispheric Monthly Sunspot Activity Indices (1944–1998)

The dataset "UBAI Catalog of Hemispheric Monthly Sunspot Activity Indices (1944–1998)" contains digitized time series of key sunspot activity indices for Northern and Southern Hemispheres derived from systematic solar observations conducted at the Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute (UBAI), formerly the Tashkent Astronomical Observatory (TAO), as part of the USSR Sun Service program. The dataset includes three primary indices: the monthly averaged relative North sunspot number (Wolf number), the monthly averaged North sunspot group number, and the monthly averaged North total sunspot area in millionths of the solar hemisphere the monthly averaged relative South sunspot number (Wolf number), the monthly averaged South sunspot group number, and the monthly averaged South total sunspot area in millionths of the solar hemisphere The catalog covers the period 1944–1998, encompassing five solar cycles. These indices serve as essential indicators of solar magnetic activity, its North-South asymmetry and are widely used in solar physics, space weather studies, and long-term climate research. The purpose of this dataset is to preserve and provide open access to a unique historical record of solar activity, contributing to global efforts in reconstructing and analyzing long-term variations in solar magnetism and its potential impacts on Earth.

本数据集“乌鲁格别克天文研究所（Ulugh Beg Astronomical Institute, UBAI）半球月度太阳黑子活动指数目录（1944–1998）”收录了由乌鲁格别克天文研究所（前身为塔什干天文台，Tashkent Astronomical Observatory, TAO）作为苏联太阳服务计划的一部分开展的系统性太阳观测所得到的南北半球关键太阳黑子活动指数的数字化时间序列。本数据集包含三类核心指数：月度平均北半球相对黑子数（沃尔夫数，Wolf number）、月度平均北半球黑子群数，以及以太阳半球百万分之一为单位的月度平均北半球总黑子面积；月度平均南半球相对黑子数（沃尔夫数，Wolf number）、月度平均南半球黑子群数，以及以太阳半球百万分之一为单位的月度平均南半球总黑子面积。该目录涵盖1944年至1998年的时段，包含5个太阳活动周期。这些指数是太阳磁活动及其南北半球不对称性的关键指示参数，被广泛应用于太阳物理学、空间天气研究以及长期气候研究领域。本数据集旨在保存并开放获取这份独一无二的太阳活动历史记录，助力全球范围内重建与分析太阳磁活动长期变化及其对地球潜在影响的研究工作。