Supplementary Material for: A Case Report of Spontaneous Bladder Rupture, an Uncommon Cause of Ascites.

Spontaneous bladder rupture (SBR) is a rare cause of ascites. A systematic review identified only 351 reported cases in the literature. This condition is frequently misdiagnosed due to vague symptom presentation and failure to promptly link SBR to its common risk factors, such as pelvic irradiation and alcohol intoxication. Here, we present a case of a male with liver disease with portal hypertension, a previous history of cancer, and prior surgery with an artificial urinary sphincter placement who developed acute recurrent ascites and rapidly progressing acute kidney failure requiring dialysis. Extensive workup revealed that the kidney failure was caused by SBR, resulting in urinary ascites. The bladder rupture was treated by surgery, leading to complete resolution of the patient’s symptoms. The diagnosis of SBR requires a high level of suspicion due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms. Here, we present an extensive review of differential diagnoses of ascites and the pathway for the final diagnosis of SBR.

自发性膀胱破裂（Spontaneous bladder rupture, SBR）是一种罕见的腹水诱因。一项系统综述仅在已发表文献中记录到351例报告病例。该病症常因临床表现模糊，且未能及时将SBR与盆腔放疗、酒精中毒等常见危险因素相关联，故而极易被误诊。本文报告1例男性患者：该患者罹患肝脏疾病伴门静脉高压症，有癌症既往史，且既往曾接受人工尿道括约肌植入手术，随后出现急性复发性腹水，并进展为需透析治疗的急性肾衰竭。经全面检查后确认，该肾衰竭系由SBR引发的尿性腹水所致。患者通过手术修复膀胱破裂后，症状完全缓解。鉴于SBR的罕见性与症状非特异性，临床需高度警惕方可作出该诊断。本文同时对腹水的鉴别诊断以及SBR的最终诊断路径展开了全面综述。