Table_1_Transcriptomic Analysis of Wheat Seedling Responses to the Systemic Acquired Resistance Inducer N-Hydroxypipecolic Acid.XLSX

The fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum can cause destructive diseases on wheat, such as Fusarium head blight and Fusarium crown rot. However, a solution is still unavailable. Recently, N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) was identified as a potent signaling molecule that is capable of inducing systemic acquired resistance to bacterial, oomycete, and fungal infection in several plant species. However, it is not clear whether NHP works in wheat to resist F. graminearum infection or how NHP affects wheat gene expression. In this report, we showed that pretreatment with NHP moderately increased wheat seedling resistance to F. graminearum. Using RNA sequencing, we found that 17% of wheat-expressed genes were significantly affected by NHP treatment. The genes encoding nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptors were significantly overrepresented in the group of genes upregulated by NHP treatment, while the genes encoding receptor-like kinases were not. Our results suggested that NHP treatment sensitizes a subset of the immune surveillance system in wheat seedlings, thereby facilitating wheat defense against F. graminearum infection.

禾谷镰孢菌（Fusarium graminearum）可引发小麦多种毁灭性病害，如赤霉病（Fusarium head blight）与小麦茎基腐病（Fusarium crown rot），目前尚无有效的防治方案。近期研究发现，N-羟基哌啶酸（N-hydroxypipecolic acid, NHP）是一种强效信号分子，能够在多种植物中诱导对细菌、卵菌及真菌侵染的系统获得性抗性（systemic acquired resistance）。但目前尚不清楚NHP是否能在小麦中抵御禾谷镰孢菌侵染，亦不明确其如何调控小麦基因的表达。本研究显示，经NHP预处理可适度提升小麦幼苗对禾谷镰孢菌的抗性。通过RNA测序（RNA sequencing）分析，我们发现NHP处理可显著影响17%的小麦表达基因。经NHP处理上调的基因中，编码核苷酸结合富亮氨酸重复序列免疫受体（nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptors, NLR）的基因显著富集，而编码类受体激酶的基因则未出现此类富集特征。本研究结果表明，NHP处理可强化小麦幼苗免疫监控系统的部分通路，从而增强小麦对禾谷镰孢菌侵染的防御能力。