Flora of the cangas of the Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil: history, study area and methodology

Abstract Back in 1960 researchers from the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) began to study the Serra dos Carajás, resulting in an important series of collections, giving interesting insights in the local flora. During the last decades, intensification of expeditions to the FLONA Carajás was driven by the discovery of a high number of endemic species, coupled with mining pressure in the area. The project "Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás" was established in 2014 through the collaboration between MPEG and Vale Institute of Technology - Sustainable Development (ITVDS), which aimed to record systematically the knowledge of the flora associated with the cangas of the Serra dos Carajás. Nearly fifteen thousand exsiccatae currently held at several herbaria (MG, BHCB, HCJS, INPA, IAN, NY and RB) served as the base for the compilation of this flora that includes, so far, 151 families including bryophytes, ferns and seed plants. Here we present a short history of the botanical studies carried out in the region, as well as the characterization of the study area and the methodology followed by this project. This introductory chapter heads the first volume of the Flora of the cangas of the Serra de Carajás, presenting the first 55 plant families, four of bryophytes (two of mosses and two liverworts), two of lycophytes, eight of ferns, one gymnosperm and 40 families angiosperms, treating 139 genera and 248 species.

摘要 1960年，帕拉恩塞·埃米利奥·戈埃尔迪博物馆（Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi，缩写MPEG）的研究人员启动了卡拉加斯山脉（Serra dos Carajás）的相关研究，积累了一系列重要馆藏标本，为当地植物区系研究提供了宝贵的学术见解。近数十年来，由于该区域发现大量特有物种，加之当地受到采矿活动的开发压力，针对卡拉加斯国家森林（FLONA Carajás）的科考活动强度持续提升。2014年，MPEG与淡水河谷可持续发展技术研究所（Vale Institute of Technology - Sustainable Development，缩写ITVDS）合作启动“卡拉加斯山脉坎加斯（cangas）植物志”（Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás）项目，旨在系统记录与卡拉加斯山脉坎加斯地貌相关的植物区系知识。目前分藏于MG、BHCB、HCJS、INPA、IAN、NY、RB等多家标本馆的近1.5万份腊叶标本，为本部植物区系汇编提供了基础支撑。截至目前，该汇编已涵盖苔藓植物、蕨类植物和种子植物共计151个科。本文简要梳理了该区域植物学研究的发展历程，同时介绍了研究区域概况与本项目采用的研究方法。本引言章节作为《卡拉加斯山脉坎加斯植物志》第一卷的开篇，涵盖了首批55个植物科：其中苔藓植物4科（藓类2科、苔类2科）、石松类植物2科、蕨类植物8科、裸子植物1科以及被子植物40科，共涉及139个属、248个物种。