Effect of nuts on lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background: Nut-enriched diets positively impact lipid and inflammatory profile biomarkers in meta-analyses in the context of primary cardiovascular prevention. However, primary studies on secondary cardiovascular prevention are scarce and controversial.
Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of nut supplementation on lipid and inflammatory profile biomarkers in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and the frequency of adverse events.
Methods: Six databases were used for research: PubMed, EMBASE, BVS, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov, until February 2023, with no language restrictions. The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions methodology and the PICO strategy were used. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to compare nut-enriched diets vs. control diets for pre-post intervention changes. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system assessed the evidence's certainty, and the protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database under the identifier CRD42020163456.

背景：在心血管一级预防的背景下，多项荟萃分析显示，富含坚果的膳食可对血脂与炎症谱生物标志物产生积极影响。然而，针对心血管二级预防的原始研究却较为匮乏且存在争议。
研究目的：本系统综述与荟萃分析旨在评估坚果补充干预对动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病患者血脂与炎症谱生物标志物的影响，以及不良事件的发生频率。
研究方法：本研究检索了截至2023年2月的6个数据库，包括PubMed、EMBASE、BVS、Cochrane Library、Web of Science以及ClinicalTrials.gov，未设置语言限制。研究采用《Cochrane干预系统综述手册》的方法学规范与PICO策略开展研究。通过随机效应模型荟萃分析，对比富含坚果膳食与对照膳食在干预前后的指标变化差异。采用推荐等级评估、制定与评价（Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, GRADE）系统对证据的确定性进行评级，本研究的方案已在PROSPERO数据库注册，注册编号为CRD42020163456。