piglet

The effect of replacing soybean oil (SO) with palm oil (PO) on growth performance, feeding regulation, and microbial diversity of weaned piglets is investigated. We randomly allocate 144 21-day-old weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) to four treatments with 12 replicates (3 piglets/replicate). The control group (CON) used 4% SO as the lipid source, while the experimental groups replaced 25% (T1), 50% (T2), and 100% (T3) of the SO with PO, respectively. The study lasted for 35 days. Average daily gain (ADG) increased in T1 and T3, and the feed/gain ratio (F/G) decreased from 0–14 d (p < 0.05). Additionally, the replacement of SO with PO tended to decrease the diarrhea index from 0–28 d (p = 0.08). ADG in T3 increased from 0–28 d, as did average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the experimental period (p < 0.05). Digestibility results indicated that PO reduced ether extract digestibility (p < 0.05). The content of palmitic acid (C16:0) in the diet correlated positively with ADFI but negatively with ether extract and detergent fiber digestibility (p < 0.01). Although no significant differences were observed in intestinal villus morphology, the mRNA expression of ZO-1, Claudin-1, mTOR, and AMPK was significantly upregulated in the T3 group (p < 0.05). The relative expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in T3 and agouti-related protein (AGRP) in T1 of the hypothalamus increased significantly (p < 0.05). Microbial operational taxonomic unit abundance increased on day 14 (p < 0.05); at the genus level, in T3, the relative abundance of Roseburia increased significantly on day 14, and the Ruminococcus-gauvreauii-group, Peptococcus, and Lachnospireceae_ FCS020_Group increased significantly on day 28. The relative abundances of Ruminococcus-gauvreauii-group and Roseburia correlated positively with ADG, and that of Roseburia correlated positively with ADFI. Collectively, our observations suggest that moderate replacement of SO with PO positively affects weaned piglet appetite, growth performance, and gut microbial diversity, but high proportions may reduce nutrient digestibility.

本研究探究了以棕榈油（PO）替代大豆油（SO）对断奶仔猪生长性能、采食调控及肠道微生物多样性的影响。试验选取144头21日龄断奶仔猪（杜洛克×长白×约克夏三元杂交品种），随机分为4个处理组，每组设12个重复，每个重复3头仔猪。对照组（CON）以4%大豆油作为脂肪源，试验组则分别以棕榈油替代25%（T1）、50%（T2）和100%（T3）的大豆油，试验周期为35天。0~14日龄阶段，T1组与T3组的平均日增重（ADG）显著提升，料重比（F/G）显著降低（p<0.05）；此外，棕榈油替代大豆油有降低0~28日龄腹泻指数的趋势（p=0.08）。0~28日龄阶段T3组ADG显著升高，试验全期平均日采食量（ADFI）亦显著提升（p<0.05）。消化率测定结果显示，棕榈油可降低粗脂肪消化率（p<0.05）；日粮中棕榈酸（C16:0）含量与ADFI呈显著正相关，与粗脂肪和洗涤纤维消化率呈显著负相关（p<0.01）。尽管各组肠道绒毛形态无显著差异，但T3组的紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、Claudin-1、雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）及腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMPK）的mRNA表达量均显著上调（p<0.05）；下丘脑组织中，T3组神经肽Y（NPY）的相对表达量显著升高，T1组刺豚鼠相关蛋白（AGRP）的相对表达量亦显著提升（p<0.05）。试验第14天时，微生物操作分类单元（OTU）丰度显著升高（p<0.05）；在属水平上，T3组第14天罗斯氏菌属（Roseburia）的相对丰度显著升高，第28天时瘤胃球菌gauvreauii群（Ruminococcus-gauvreauii-group）、消化球菌属（Peptococcus）及毛螺菌科FCS020群（Lachnospireceae_ FCS020_Group）的相对丰度均显著升高。瘤胃球菌gauvreauii群与罗斯氏菌属的相对丰度与ADG呈显著正相关，罗斯氏菌属相对丰度与ADFI亦呈显著正相关。综合上述结果，本研究表明以棕榈油适度替代大豆油可正向改善断奶仔猪的采食行为、生长性能及肠道微生物多样性，但高比例替代可能会降低养分消化率。