Solid waste generation indexes in a port site

Abstract The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources. As it is in a marine environment and due to its magnitude and the high production of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW), port works have a polluting potential and the technical-scientific literature on the subject is incipient. The objective of this research was to critically evaluate waste generation indexes of CDW during the construction of a port. The monitoring of the solid waste management from the Dom Pedro II port site in Paranaguá, Paraná, was carried out for 20 months. Through the assessment applicable to waste management and field measurements, the solid waste management process was characterized in terms of the agents involved, origin, type, quantity, generation rate, reuse, and destination. The efficiency of the management process was evaluated, and waste generation and utilization of Key Performance Indicators, per capita and per area, were obtained. The composition, in mass, of the solid waste generated in the work was: metallic scrap (48%), wood scrap (29%), organic waste (10%), recyclable waste (8%), and hazardous waste (4%). Per capita monthly waste generation indicators were calculated as: organic waste (12.75 kg), outpatient waste (8.14g), hazardous waste (5.33kg), plastic cups (70.5 units), and PPE (3 .89 units). As for the built-up area, the average monthly generation of waste was calculated at 0.35 kg/m² (hazardous waste), 3.51 kg/m² (wood), 7.5 kg/m² (metallic scrap), and 0.97 kg /m² (organic). In addition to mapping opportunities for improvement, the calculated generation and utilization indexes can be used in the CDW management of similar works.

摘要
建筑业是自然资源的最大消耗领域之一。由于港口工程处于海洋环境、规模庞大且建筑拆除废弃物（Construction and Demolition Waste，CDW）产生量极高，其具备污染潜能，而针对该主题的科技文献尚处于起步阶段。本研究旨在批判性评估港口施工过程中的建筑拆除废弃物产生指标。研究团队对位于巴西巴拉那州巴拉那瓜市的唐佩德罗二世港口工地的固体废物管理情况开展了为期20个月的监测。通过采用适用于废弃物管理的评估方法与现场实测手段，本研究从参与主体、产生源头、废弃物类型、产生总量、产生速率、复用情况及处置去向等维度，对固体废物管理流程进行了系统的特征分析。本研究评估了管理流程的运行效率，并获取了人均、单位面积维度下的废弃物产生与利用关键绩效指标（Key Performance Indicators，KPI）。工地产生的固体废物按质量占比的组成情况为：金属废料（48%）、木材废料（29%）、有机废弃物（10%）、可回收废弃物（8%）以及危险废弃物（4%）。经计算，人均月度废弃物产生指标为：有机废弃物（12.75 kg）、门诊废弃物（8.14g）、危险废弃物（5.33kg）、塑料杯（70.5个）以及个人防护装备（Personal Protective Equipment，PPE，3.89个）。按建成面积计算，月度单位面积废弃物平均产生量为：危险废弃物0.35 kg/m²、木材废料3.51 kg/m²、金属废料7.5 kg/m²以及有机废弃物0.97 kg/m²。本研究不仅识别了可优化的改进空间，所计算得到的产生与利用指标还可应用于同类工程的建筑拆除废弃物管理工作。