NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST), Version 5

The NOAA Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) dataset is a global monthly sea surface temperature dataset derived from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS). It is produced on a 2 x 2 degree grid with spatial completeness enhanced using statistical methods. This monthly analysis begins in January 1854 continuing to the present and includes anomalies computed with respect to a 1971-2000 monthly climatology. Version 5 (v5) is the newest version of ERSST. Major revisions for v5 include: 1) using unadjusted first-guess instead of adjusted first-guess in QC, 2) using latest International Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Release 3.0 (R3.0) over 1854-2015 instead of R2.5 over 1854-2007, 3) using Argo temperature above 5 meter depth that has not been used in previous version ERSST and other SST analysis, 4) using latest UK Met Office HadISST2 ice concentration over 1870-2015 instead of HadISST1 ice concentration over 1870-2010, 5) removing damping in high latitudes north of 60 degrees North and south of 50 degrees South in Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnection (EOT) Functions, 6) adding 10 more EOT modes in the Arctic, 7) reducing spatial filtering in training EOTs, and 8) revising ship SST bias correction relative to nighttime marine air temperature (NMAT) to the one relative to buoy SST observations. Other features remain same as in the previous ERSST version 4. The data are written to monthly netCDF files following CF Metadata Conventions.

美国国家海洋和大气管理局（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA）扩展重建海表温度（Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, ERSST）数据集是一套源自国际综合海洋-大气数据集（International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset, ICOADS）的全球逐月海表温度数据集。该数据集以2°×2°的网格为基础进行构建，并通过统计方法提升了空间数据覆盖率。本逐月分析数据集的时间跨度始于1854年1月，持续至今，其中包含以1971-2000年逐月气候态为基准计算的海表温度距平。版本5（v5）是ERSST数据集的最新版本，其主要修订内容包括：1）在质量控制（Quality Control, QC）流程中采用未校正的初估值，替代原有的校正后初估值；2）针对1854年至2015年时段，采用最新版国际综合海洋-大气数据集（ICOADS）第3.0版（R3.0），替代此前1854年至2007年时段使用的R2.5版；3）引入此前版本ERSST及其他海表温度分析未使用过的阿尔戈（Argo）5米以深海水温度观测数据；4）针对1870年至2015年时段，采用英国气象局（UK Met Office）最新发布的HadISST2海冰浓度数据，替代此前1870年至2010年时段使用的HadISST1海冰浓度数据；5）移除经验正交遥相关（Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnection, EOT）函数中北纬60°以北、南纬50°以南高纬度区域的阻尼项；6）在北极区域新增10个EOT模态；7）降低EOT训练过程中的空间滤波强度；8）将船舶海表温度偏差校正的基准从夜间海洋大气温度（Nighttime Marine Air Temperature, NMAT）调整为浮标海表温度观测数据。其余特性与此前的ERSST第4版保持一致。该数据集按照CF元数据公约（CF Metadata Conventions）的规范，存储为逐月netCDF格式文件。