EKOSCHEMATY JAKO NOWE NARZĘDZIE WSPARCIA ROLNICTWA – STAN REALIZACJI W POLSCE

The article outlines the changes to the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy for 2023-2027 with a particular focus on a new type of direct payment, i.e. ecoschemes. The aim of the article is also to present the interest of farmers in this tool for obtaining funds in the initial period of its operation, i.e. in the first half of 2023. The level and spatial differentiation of interest of Polish farmers in this new type of direct payments was analyzed. It was indicated that the number of applications submitted is influenced by the production specialization of individual provinces. The results of the study further confirm that carbon farming is the most popular of the five types of ecoschemes, with practices such as mixing straw into the soil (61.2%), using winter intercrops/intercrops (35.0%) and mixing manure on arable land within 12 hours of application (23.8%). This state of affairs was influenced by the previous experience of farmers related to the improvement of soil structure.本文概述了欧盟2023-2027年共同农业政策（Common Agricultural Policy）的修订内容，重点聚焦于一种新型直接支付工具——生态计划（ecoschemes）。本文同时旨在探讨该工具在运行初期（即2023年上半年）的农户资金申领意愿。本研究分析了波兰农户对该新型直接支付工具的申领意愿水平及其空间分异特征。研究表明，农户提交的申请数量受各省份农业生产专业化程度的影响。研究结果进一步证实，在五类生态计划中，碳汇农业（carbon farming）是最受农户青睐的类型，其中秸秆还田（占比61.2%）、冬季间作（占比35.0%）以及施肥后12小时内于耕地内翻拌有机肥（占比23.8%）等相关实践最为常见。上述现象受到农户此前在土壤结构改良方面的相关经验影响。