Forward designs using IPRO without specified positions for mutations.

aThe starting structures used for IPRO designs. GL in the parentheses indicate the structure is germline and AM is for affinity maturation. bThe number of mutations identified by comparing GL and AM antibody sequences. cThe numbers of designed mutations occurring both in GL and AM antibodies. dInteraction energy between an antigen and an antibody. All energies are in kcal/mol. eThe IE difference calculated from AM - GL.